Battery Structure Self-Heating via Controlled Short Circuit
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional heating methods for batteries at low temperatures result in a significant difference between internal and external temperatures, leading to poor discharge capacity and safety issues due to slow heating rates and potential damage from excessive short circuit currents.
Innovation Solution
A heating control method that detects temperature conditions to either create a short circuit between the positive and negative electrode terminals to generate heat or uses an external heating device, with a phase change material to regulate temperature and prevent overheating, thereby reducing the temperature difference and ensuring safe heating.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If external heating devices (heating film or water-cycling system) are used to heat the battery pack, then the battery can be heated at low temperatures, but the heating rate is low and a great difference between internal temperature and external temperature occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack uses its own internal resistance and operating current to generate heat through controlled short-circuit connections between positive and negative terminals, eliminating the need for external heating devices. This self-heating approach achieves rapid temperature increase while maintaining uniform temperature distribution throughout the battery pack.
Solution Approach 2:
The heating process uses periodic controlled short-circuit connections between battery terminals, alternating between heating phases and normal operating phases. This periodic action allows the battery to rapidly generate heat when needed while maintaining safety through controlled timing and temperature monitoring.
2Temperature
If external heating devices are used to heat the battery pack, then the battery can be heated at low temperatures, but the heating efficiency is low due to heat conduction limitations
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack converts its own electrical energy into thermal energy through internal resistance during controlled short-circuit periods, achieving direct energy conversion within the battery structure. This eliminates energy losses associated with external heat transfer mechanisms and improves overall heating efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces mechanical/thermal heating systems (heating films, water-cycling systems) with an electrical heating mechanism that uses the battery's own current and resistance. This substitution eliminates the inefficiencies of thermal conduction and convection, achieving direct and efficient energy conversion.
3Speed
If controlled short-circuit heating is applied to the battery, then rapid heating can be achieved, but excessive short circuit currents may cause damage
Solution Approach 1:
The control unit continuously monitors battery temperature and adjusts the duration and frequency of short-circuit heating periods accordingly. This feedback mechanism ensures that heating is applied rapidly when needed while preventing excessive temperature increases that could damage the battery, thus maintaining both heating rate and safety.
Solution Approach 2:
The heating system dynamically adjusts the short-circuit connection duration and frequency based on real-time temperature conditions. The control unit modifies heating parameters adaptively, extending heating periods when temperature is low and reducing or stopping heating when temperature approaches safe limits, thereby balancing heating rate and battery safety.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method enables rapid and controlled heating of batteries, reducing internal and external temperature differences and minimizing the risk of damage, while maintaining safety and efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
controlling a positive electrode terminal of the battery structure to be connected with a negative electrode terminal of the battery structure to form a short circuit, so as to heat the battery structure using heat generated by a short circuit current
Implementation Method 2
heating a phase change material contacting with the battery structure, so as to heat the battery structure by the phase change material
Data Source
AI summary
The present application relates to a heating control method and a heating control device for a battery structure, and a battery system. The heating control method includes steps of: S10, detecting a temperature value T of the battery structure; S20, judging whether the temperature value T meets a first heating condition, if yes, going to step S30; S30, controlling a positive electrode terminal to be connected with a negative electrode terminal to form short circuit, so as to heat the battery structure using heat generated by a short circuit current. When the first condition is met, the positive and negative terminals are connected to form short circuit, the heat generated by the short circuit current rapidly dissipates in the battery structure, so that the battery structure can be heated rapidly, which decreases the difference between internal and external temperature of the battery structure when adopting conventional heat conduction method.