Battery SOH Estimation Using Equivalent Circuit Parameters

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for estimating battery state of health (SOH) using Kalman filters suffer from high noise levels and inconsistent accuracy, which can lead to unreliable battery performance assessments.

Innovation Solution

Estimate SOH by calculating equivalent circuit model parameters such as R1C1, C1, R0, and R1, using a step change in current to determine these parameters, and apply predetermined relationships modeled as polynomial functions to improve accuracy and stability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If Kalman filter is used to estimate battery SOH, then SOH estimation can be obtained, but noise level is high and accuracy is inconsistent

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveSOH estimation accuracyVSAvoidestimation stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an equivalent circuit model as an intermediary between the battery and the estimation algorithm. The model parameters (R0, R1, C1, R1C1) serve as mediators that capture the battery's dynamic behavior, allowing the Kalman filter to estimate SOH based on model parameter degradation rather than directly from noisy voltage-current measurements. This intermediary modeling approach filters out measurement noise while preserving the underlying degradation trends.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transforms the SOH estimation problem from directly analyzing voltage-current measurements to monitoring changes in equivalent circuit model parameters over time. By tracking how parameters like R1, C1, and R1C1 change as the battery degrades, the system converts a noisy direct measurement problem into a parameter evolution analysis problem, improving both accuracy and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If multiple equivalent circuit model parameters are estimated and combined, then SOH estimation accuracy improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveSOH estimation accuracyVSAvoidestimation system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple equivalent circuit model parameters (R0, R1, C1, R1C1) into a unified SOH estimation through the Kalman filter framework. Instead of analyzing each parameter separately, the system combines their degradation information using predetermined relationships, achieving more accurate SOH estimation while managing complexity through integrated processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The equivalent circuit model serves multiple functions simultaneously: it characterizes the battery's electrical behavior, provides parameters for SOH estimation, and enables the Kalman filter to process measurements. This multi-functionality reduces overall system complexity by using a single modeling framework for multiple purposes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP4409308B1Estimating battery state of health
Publication Date: 2026.04.08 CUMMINS INC
  • EP4409308B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4409308B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3
  • EP4409308B1 patent drawingFigure 4A~4B

AI summary

A method and apparatus for determining a state of health of a battery are disclosed. The apparatus comprises means (40) for sensing a voltage of the battery, means (42) for sensing a current through the battery, means (50, 52, 54, 56) for estimating a value of an equivalent circuit model parameter of the battery from the sensed voltage and current, wherein the equivalent circuit model parameter is based at least in part on an internal capacitance of the battery, means (66) for storing a predetermined relationship between the equivalent circuit model parameter and the battery state of health, and means (58, 60, 62, 64) for calculating a state of health of the battery based on the estimated value of the equivalent circuit model parameter using the predetermined relationship.