Battery State of Health Determination via Square Wave Pseudo-Impedance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional methods for determining battery state of health require high-performance CPUs and significant computational resources due to the need for trigonometric functions, leading to high operational and processing loads.

Innovation Solution

The method involves causing the battery to discharge square wave pulses, sampling response voltages, expanding them into orthogonal square wave components, and calculating pseudo-impedance to determine battery health, eliminating the need for trigonometric operations and reducing CPU load.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If Fourier transformation with trigonometric functions is used to calculate internal impedance, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and operational load increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinternal impedance measurement precisionVSAvoidCPU performance requirement
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential impedance information from the voltage response waveform without performing complete Fourier transformation. By using maximum likelihood estimation to directly calculate impedance parameters from the sampled voltage data, it extracts the needed measurement information while eliminating complex trigonometric computations, thus reducing CPU requirements while maintaining measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical computation process of Fourier transformation with a mathematical estimation approach. Instead of using CPU-intensive trigonometric functions, it employs maximum likelihood estimation algorithms that compute impedance parameters through simpler iterative calculations, substituting a computationally heavy mechanical process with a more efficient mathematical method.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If sine wave alternative current is applied to measure internal impedance, then measurement precision is improved, but equipment size and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinternal impedance measurement precisionVSAvoidequipment scale
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables the battery to serve its own measurement function by using its normal discharge process as the measurement stimulus. Instead of requiring external sine wave generation equipment, the system uses the battery's own discharge current waveform to excite the system and measures the voltage response, allowing the battery to self-diagnose its impedance characteristics without additional measurement equipment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent makes the battery discharge process serve dual purposes: normal power delivery and impedance measurement. The discharge circuit performs both energy delivery and measurement excitation functions simultaneously, eliminating the need for separate measurement equipment and enabling multi-functionality in the battery system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Device complexity

If pulse discharge with Fourier transformation is used, then equipment downsizing is achieved, but operational load remains high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveequipment sizeVSAvoidCPU operational load
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts essential impedance information from pulse discharge data without performing complete Fourier transformation. By using maximum likelihood estimation to directly compute impedance parameters from the voltage response during pulse discharge, it extracts the necessary measurement information while eliminating computationally intensive trigonometric operations, thus reducing CPU operational load while maintaining equipment downsizing benefits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for precise determination of battery state of health with significantly reduced operational and processing loads, enabling the use of lower-function CPUs and reducing costs, while maintaining precision comparable to methods using true impedance.

Implementation Method 1

causing the battery to discharge square wave pulses with a prescribed cycle at a prescribed current value

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSquare wave pulse discharge:

Implementation Method 2

expanding sampled response voltages into orthogonal square wave components

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFourier transformation principle:

Implementation Method 3

expanding sampled response voltages into orthogonal square wave components

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOrthogonal expansion:

Implementation Method 4

calculating a coefficient a1 in the fundamental frequency by comparing the fundamental square wave component of the response voltage with a basis square wave

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInner product operation:

Implementation Method 5

dividing an amplitude of the square wave component by the current value of the pulse-discharge to obtain a pseudo-impedance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOhm's law: Ohm's Law

Data Source

PatentEP2028503B8Method and device for determining state of health of the battery, and battery power supply system
Publication Date: 2014.04.09 FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO LTD

AI summary

The method and the device for determining state of health of the battery, in addition to the power supply system using the device, which can remarkably reduce operational and processing load by expanding the data sampled at the time when the battery is caused to discharge square wave pulses into the square wave is provided. The method of the invention for determining state of health of a battery comprising the steps of: causing the battery to discharge square wave pulses with a prescribed cycle at a prescribed current value; sampling response voltages at a time of a pulse-discharge; expanding sampled response voltages into orthogonal square wave components; dividing an amplitude of the square wave component by the current value of the pulse-discharge to obtain a pseudo-impedance; and determining state of health of the battery based on the pseudo-impedance.