Battery Module Spacer and Vent Layout for Thermal Runaway Containment

The patent divides the battery module into discrete cell units with insulation spacers between adjacent cells. This segmentation isolates thermal runaway events to individual cells, preventing fire propagation to neighboring cells while maintaining high cell density for energy storage capacity.

The patent introduces insulation spacers as intermediary elements between adjacent battery cells. These spacers act as thermal barriers that physically separate cells and inhibit heat transfer, thereby preventing fire spread while allowing cells to be arranged in a space-efficient configuration.

The patent employs composite insulation spacers combining flame-retardant materials with heat-insulating materials. This composite structure achieves effective fire protection with reduced thickness compared to single-material solutions, maximizing the space available for battery cells while maintaining fire safety.

The patent optimizes the thickness parameter of insulation spacers to the minimum effective value that provides adequate fire protection. By precisely controlling this parameter, the design achieves fire safety requirements while minimizing the volume occupied by non-active components.

The patent implements a passive fire extinguishing system that automatically activates through thermal runaway events themselves. The system uses the heat generated by battery cell failure to trigger extinguishing agent release, eliminating the need for external sensors, controllers, or power sources.

The patent utilizes phase transition materials that change state in response to temperature increases during thermal runaway. This phase transition triggers the release of fire extinguishing agents, providing automatic fire suppression through a simple temperature-dependent mechanism without complex control systems.