Battery Storage System for PV Grid Voltage Stabilization
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Solution Overview
Problem
The intermittency of renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) resources, poses challenges for utility grids due to voltage instability and noncoincident output with system load peaks, necessitating a solution to smooth and shift energy to ensure reliable power distribution.
Innovation Solution
A battery energy storage system with a control system that predicts peak load, prioritizes energy delivery, and utilizes peak shaving, firming, and arbitrage to optimize energy output from PV resources, incorporating advanced lead acid batteries for smoothing and shifting applications, and bidirectional inverters for efficient energy conversion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If photovoltaic power is injected directly into the power system on a large scale, then renewable energy penetration is increased, but voltage instability and reliability issues occur due to intermittency
Solution Approach 1:
The battery storage system performs preliminary action by storing excess photovoltaic energy when generation exceeds demand, and then discharging it during periods of high demand or low generation. This anticipatory energy storage and release resolves the contradiction by preparing energy in advance to maintain voltage stability while accommodating large-scale PV penetration.
Solution Approach 2:
The battery storage system acts as an intermediary between the intermittent photovoltaic source and the power grid. It buffers the intermittency effects, smoothing out voltage fluctuations and providing stable power delivery to the grid, thus enabling high PV penetration without compromising voltage stability.
2Reliability
If photovoltaic output is filtered to remove highest rate transitions, then voltage instability is reduced, but significant lag occurs with respect to current power production
Solution Approach 1:
The battery storage system dynamically adjusts its charge and discharge operations in real-time based on grid conditions, PV generation levels, and demand patterns. This dynamic response allows the system to filter out harmful high-rate transitions that cause voltage instability while maintaining minimal lag by quickly responding to changing conditions through adaptive control.
3Reliability
If battery storage is used to smooth and shift PV resources, then intermittency effects are reduced, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The battery storage system performs multiple functions including energy storage, voltage regulation, frequency control, and demand response participation. By consolidating these functions into a single multi-functional platform, the system reduces overall complexity compared to having separate systems for each function, while simultaneously improving power delivery reliability through coordinated operation of all functions.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively smooths and shifts PV output, reducing feeder load peaks, stabilizing grid voltage, and maximizing economic benefits by delivering power during high-value times, thereby enhancing the reliability and efficiency of renewable energy integration into the grid.
Implementation Method 1
A battery energy storage system with a control system that predicts peak load, prioritizes energy delivery, and utilizes peak shaving, firming, and arbitrage to optimize energy output from PV resources, incorporating advanced lead acid batteries for smoothing and shifting applications
Implementation Method 2
bidirectional inverters for efficient energy conversion
Implementation Method 3
An embodiment of the present invention is a method for delivering energy using a renewable resource. The method applies energy storage to a photovoltaic energy source
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention is an apparatus and method for delivering energy using a renewable resource. The method includes providing a photovoltaic energy source and applying energy storage to the photovoltaic energy source via a battery storage unit. The energy output from the photovoltaic energy source and the battery system is controlled using a battery control system. The battery control system predicts peak load, develops a schedule that includes when to begin discharging power and when to stop discharging power, shifts power to the battery storage unit when excess power is available, and prioritizes the functionality of the battery storage unit and the photovoltaic energy source.