Battery Protection Switch Drive Circuit With PWM Voltage Boost
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing driving circuits for battery module protection switches, typically using integrated ICs, face limitations in driving capability and voltage due to semiconductor material restrictions, making it difficult to manage high-voltage battery modules effectively.
Innovation Solution
A driving circuit that includes a reverse switch, non-reverse switch, capacitor, diodes, and a storing energy component, controlled by a PWM signal to generate a boosted voltage higher than the battery total voltage, enabling the protection switch to be turned on even with high-voltage battery modules.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If an integrated IC is used to drive the protection switch, then the circuit structure is simple, but the driving voltage is limited and cannot exceed the IC's voltage limit (e.g., 75V)
Solution Approach 1:
The driving circuit is divided into multiple functional modules: a voltage detection module that monitors battery voltage, a pulse generation module that creates drive pulses, a voltage superposition module that combines battery voltage with reference voltage, and a switching module that controls the protection switch. This segmentation allows each module to perform its specific function optimally while achieving the overall goal of high-voltage driving capability.
Solution Approach 2:
A capacitor is introduced as an intermediary energy storage element between the voltage superposition module and the protection switch. The capacitor stores energy from the superimposed voltage (battery voltage + reference voltage) and releases it to drive the protection switch gate, enabling the circuit to achieve driving voltages exceeding the battery total voltage without requiring a high-voltage power supply.
2Duration of action of moving object
If the battery module uses more battery cells to increase power supply time, then the power supply duration is extended, but the battery total voltage exceeds the driving voltage limit of integrated ICs
Solution Approach 1:
The circuit dynamically adapts to different battery voltages by detecting the actual battery total voltage and adjusting the drive pulse generation accordingly. The voltage detection module continuously monitors the battery voltage, and the control logic adjusts the pulse width and voltage superposition level to match the current battery configuration, whether it's a high-voltage or low-voltage setup.
Solution Approach 2:
The circuit changes its operating parameters based on battery configuration. When the battery voltage exceeds the IC's voltage limit, the system activates the voltage superposition function, adding the reference voltage to the battery voltage to generate sufficient gate drive voltage. This parameter adaptation allows the same circuit to handle both standard and high-voltage battery modules.
3Device complexity
If a fixed driving current is provided by the integrated IC, then the IC design is simplified, but the driving capability is insufficient when multiple parallel protection switches are driven simultaneously
Solution Approach 1:
The circuit uses the battery's own voltage and a reference voltage source to generate the drive pulses, eliminating the need for a high-voltage power supply. The capacitor self-charges from the superimposed voltage and self-discharges to drive the protection switch, creating a self-sustaining high-voltage drive mechanism that doesn't require external high-voltage components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The circuit provides an ultra-high gate driving voltage capable of turning on the protection switch, overcoming the limitations of integrated ICs and enabling efficient operation of high-voltage battery modules by superimposing a reference voltage on the battery total voltage.
Implementation Method 1
a capacitor, provided with one end connected to a first node, and provided with other end connected to a second node
Implementation Method 2
a storing energy component, provided with one end connected to a third node, and provided with other end connected to the battery total voltage
Data Source
AI summary
A driving circuit applied to a protection switch of a battery module is disclosed. The driving circuit includes a reverse switch, a non-reverse switch, a capacitor, and a storing energy component. The reverse switch or the non-reverse switch is turned on or off by a PWM signal. When the PWM signal is at a high level, the reverse switch is turned off, the non-reverse switch is turned on, and the capacitor is charged via a battery total voltage to form a storage voltage on the capacitor. When the PWM signal is at a low level, the reverse switch is turned on, the non-reverse switch is turned off, a reference voltage is connected to the capacitor via the reverse switch to form a boosted voltage superimposed by the reference voltage and the storage voltage. Afterwards, the boosted voltage can be used to drive the protection switch to be turned on.