High-Voltage Battery Switching Circuit Without Pre-Charge
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-voltage battery systems face challenges in safe on/off control due to high voltages and currents, requiring specialized assembly and handling, and conventional systems often necessitate pre-charging circuits to manage electrical current inrush.
Innovation Solution
A circuit and battery assembly design utilizing switches and diodes to sequentially turn on batteries, reducing energy during inrush and allowing safe shutdown by diverting inductive current through diodes, eliminating the need for pre-charging circuits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional battery systems use solid state or mechanical disconnects to withstand high voltages and currents, then the system can handle high voltage safely, but the device complexity increases and requires unique assembly systems
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical disconnects with solid state switches (MOSFETs or IGBTs) that can be controlled electronically. This substitution eliminates the need for complex mechanical assembly systems while maintaining the ability to safely handle high voltages and currents through electronic control of the switching devices
2Reliability
If pre-charging circuits are used to manage electrical current inrush, then the battery system can be protected from inrush current damage, but the device complexity and energy loss increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary action by using control circuits to gradually activate the battery cells in a controlled sequence before full power operation. The control circuit monitors voltage and current levels, enabling batteries to be turned on in sequence rather than all at once, which prevents inrush current while eliminating the need for separate pre-charging circuits
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and eliminates the pre-charging circuit from the system by implementing inrush current management directly within the main control circuitry. The control circuit performs both pre-charging and main switching functions, simplifying the overall system architecture while maintaining protection against inrush current
3Power
If batteries are turned on simultaneously, then the system can provide full power immediately, but electrical current inrush increases causing energy loss and potential damage
Solution Approach 1:
The control circuit performs preliminary activation of battery cells in a controlled sequence, gradually bringing them online before full power operation is required. This staged approach allows the system to build up power capacity progressively, preventing inrush current while maintaining the ability to deliver full power when needed
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements periodic action by turning on battery cells in sequential stages rather than simultaneously. The control circuit activates cells at different time intervals, creating a staged power delivery pattern that reduces inrush current while ultimately achieving full system power capacity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach safely manages high-voltage battery systems by gradually increasing power and reducing energy during inrush, eliminating the need for pre-charging circuits and ensuring safe operation without unsafe voltage levels.
Implementation Method 1
When the high-voltage battery system is turned off, the electrical current may stop flowing through the batteries and shunt to the diodes. As the inductive current is supported by the diode, the batteries can safely be turned off.
Implementation Method 2
A circuit for controlling a battery is disclosed. The circuit includes a switch having a source, a gate, a drain, and a first diode.
Data Source
AI summary
A circuit for controlling a battery includes a switch having a source, a gate, a drain, and a first diode. The source is connected to an anode of the first diode. The drain is connected to a cathode of the first diode. The drain is configured to be connected to a positive terminal of the battery. The circuit also includes a second diode. An anode of the second diode is configured to be connected to a negative terminal of the battery. A cathode of the second diode is connected to the source of the switch. The circuit is configured to switch the battery on and off.