Battery Terminal Housing Segmentation for Overpressure Safety

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing battery systems lack effective mechanisms to safely disconnect electrical contacts during overpressure events, risking external short circuits and leakage currents, particularly when gases form inside defective batteries, which can endanger living beings and objects.

Innovation Solution

A lithium-ion battery system with terminals arranged on a housing area that can detach under pressure, utilizing predetermined breaking points such as perforations or embossed areas, and an additional breaking point for the current collector, ensuring controlled detachment and increased electrical isolation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If predetermined breaking points are formed on the housing area with terminals, then the area can detach under pressure to prevent electrical contact, but the structural integrity of the housing is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety of electrical isolationVSAvoidstructural integrity of housing
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The housing is segmented into a first area (containing terminals) and a second area, connected by predetermined breaking points. This segmentation allows the first area to detach independently under pressure, ensuring electrical isolation while maintaining the overall housing structure intact through the remaining second area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Predetermined breaking points are pre-formed in the housing structure at specific locations between the first and second areas. These pre-prepared weak points ensure that when pressure occurs, the detachment happens at controlled locations rather than random structural failures, maintaining predictable safety behavior.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If the housing area with terminals detaches under pressure, then electrical contact is prevented, but the sealing of the battery system is compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical isolationVSAvoidloss of sealing
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The sealing structure is segmented to match the housing segmentation. Sealing elements are positioned to seal between the first and second areas, and are designed to detach with the first area when pressure occurs, ensuring that sealing failure occurs simultaneously with electrical isolation rather than independently compromising the system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The detachment mechanism combines both electrical isolation and sealing functions into a single action. When the predetermined breaking points fail, both the electrical connection and the sealing are simultaneously compromised together, ensuring that electrical isolation is achieved while the sealing loss is coordinated with the safety-critical electrical disconnection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Reliability

If multiple breaking points are used for controlled detachment, then the detachment process is more reliable, but the manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrolled detachmentVSAvoidhousing structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The predetermined breaking points are localized to specific regions of the housing where they are least likely to compromise overall structural integrity. The breaking points are concentrated in the area between the first and second areas, allowing controlled detachment while maintaining strength in critical load-bearing regions of the housing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The predetermined breaking points are designed as sacrificial, disposable structural features that are intentionally created as weak points. These breaking points are simple geometric features (such as reduced thickness zones or pre-formed cracks) that are easy to manufacture and serve their purpose once during an overpressure event, after which the housing is replaced anyway.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design effectively prevents unwanted electrical effects by ensuring safe disconnection of terminals during overpressure, reducing the risk of external short circuits and leakage currents, thereby enhancing safety for both living beings and objects around defective batteries.

Implementation Method 1

the area of the housing on which the at least one terminal is arranged is suitable for detaching from another area of the housing under the influence of pressure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure: Pressure Increase

Implementation Method 2

the area of the housing on which the at least one terminal is arranged is connected to the other area of the housing by a predetermined breaking point and in particular by a perforated or embossed area of the housing

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPerforation: Porosity

Data Source

PatentEP3159952B1Safety device for battery systems
Publication Date: 2019.12.11 ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
  • EP3159952B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP3159952B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5
  • EP3159952B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

The invention relates to a battery system (BS), in particular a lithium-ion battery system, with at least one terminal (T) suitable for electrically contacting the battery system (BS) with another system, wherein the at least one terminal (T) is arranged on a region (B) of a housing (G) of the battery system (BS), wherein the region (B) of the housing (G) on which the at least one terminal (T) is arranged is suitable for detaching from another region of the housing (G) under pressure.