Battery Pack Thermal Chain Detection Using Pressure and Voltage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing battery pack systems struggle to accurately and quickly detect thermal chains due to time lags and false positives caused by pressure changes from refrigerant leaks and gas discharge passages, which are not indicative of thermal runaway.

Innovation Solution

A thermal chain detection system that utilizes both pressure sensors and voltage sensors to determine the occurrence of a thermal chain by detecting abnormal changes in pressure and voltage, requiring simultaneous abnormalities in both to confirm the event.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of time

If pressure detection is used to detect thermal chain, then detection speed is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to false positives from refrigerant leaks and gas discharge passages

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection speedVSAvoiddetection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines pressure detection and voltage detection into an integrated thermal chain detection system. The control unit receives both pressure sensor signals and voltage sensor signals, and only determines thermal chain occurrence when both sensors simultaneously indicate abnormality. This merging of multiple detection methods resolves the contradiction by maintaining the fast response of pressure detection while adding the accuracy filter of voltage detection to eliminate false positives from refrigerant leaks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The control unit acts as an intermediary that processes and correlates signals from both pressure and voltage sensors. It mediates between the two detection methods by requiring simultaneous abnormality in both sensors before confirming thermal chain, thus using the voltage sensor as an intermediary verification mechanism to filter false alarms from pressure-only detection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Device complexity

If only pressure sensor is used, then device complexity is reduced, but reliability deteriorates due to inability to distinguish thermal chain from other pressure changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem complexityVSAvoiddetection reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system merges pressure sensor detection with voltage sensor detection and control unit processing. While this increases device complexity, it simultaneously improves reliability by requiring corroboration from both sensors before confirming thermal chain, thereby distinguishing true thermal events from false pressure variations caused by refrigerant leaks or gas discharge.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The control unit implements feedback processing by continuously monitoring both pressure and voltage signals and comparing them against predetermined thresholds. The system provides feedback only when both sensors simultaneously indicate abnormality, creating a reliable confirmation mechanism that reduces false positives while maintaining appropriate system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentUS12531285B2Thermal chain determination method and thermal chain detection system for battery pack
Publication Date: 2026.01.20 NISSAN MOTOR CO LTD
  • US12531285B2 patent drawing
  • US12531285B2 patent drawing
  • US12531285B2 patent drawing

AI summary

A battery pack includes cells, a pressure contributing component contributing to a change in pressure in the battery pack, at least one pressure sensor configured to detect the pressure in the battery pack, and at least one voltage sensor configured to detect a voltage of the cells. A thermal chain determination method includes detecting the pressure in the battery pack, detecting the voltage of the cells, determining that the pressure in the battery pack is abnormal when an amount or rate of change is larger than a predetermined value, determining that the voltage of the cells is abnormal when an amount or rate of change in the detected voltage is larger than a predetermined value, or when an absolute value of the voltage of the cells is smaller than a predetermined value, and determining that a thermal chain occurs when both the pressure and the voltage are abnormal.