Battery Explosion Prevention Valve With Adaptive Opening Pressure
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing explosion prevention valves in battery cores lack adaptability to varying operating conditions, maintaining a fixed opening pressure regardless of whether the battery is in control or out of control, leading to poor safety performance.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating a temperature-sensitive film made of plastic into the explosion prevention valve, where the critical breaking pressure value is inversely proportional to temperature, allowing for a higher opening pressure when normal and a lower pressure when out of control, ensuring safety and responsiveness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the opening pressure of the explosion prevention valve is maintained at a high fixed value, then the valve is protected from accidental opening during normal operation, but the valve cannot open quickly when the battery is out of control
Solution Approach 1:
The explosion prevention valve transitions from a static fixed opening pressure design to a dynamic adaptive design. The valve opening pressure changes dynamically based on temperature conditions: at normal temperatures it maintains high pressure to prevent accidental opening, while at elevated temperatures it reduces opening pressure to enable quick response to thermal runaway events.
Solution Approach 2:
The valve utilizes temperature as a control parameter to change its opening pressure characteristic. By incorporating temperature-sensitive materials (such as shape memory alloys or temperature-sensitive films) in the valve structure, the opening pressure parameter automatically adjusts according to temperature: high opening pressure at normal temperature, and low opening pressure when temperature exceeds a threshold, thereby resolving the contradiction between reliability and speed.
2Adaptability or versatility
If the opening pressure is fixed, then the valve structure is simple, but the valve has poor adaptability to different operating conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The explosion prevention valve employs self-service by automatically sensing temperature changes and adjusting its own opening pressure without external control systems. The temperature-sensitive materials within the valve structure directly respond to temperature variations, causing automatic adjustment of the opening pressure parameter, thereby achieving high adaptability with minimal additional complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The valve incorporates composite materials combining temperature-sensitive components (such as shape memory alloys or temperature-sensitive films) with the valve structure. These composite materials enable the valve to automatically adapt its opening pressure based on temperature conditions, providing high adaptability to different operating conditions while maintaining relatively simple overall structure.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enhances the explosion prevention valve's adaptability by maintaining a higher opening pressure during normal operation and reducing it when the battery is out of control, improving safety and response speed.
Implementation Method 1
The temperature-sensitive film is made of plastic, so that a critical breaking pressure value of the temperature-sensitive film is inversely proportional to temperature
Data Source
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AI summary
An explosion prevention valve, a cover plate assembly, a battery core, a battery pack, and an electrical system are provided. The explosion prevention valve includes a main body (1), an explosion prevention piece (2), and a temperature-sensitive film (3). The main body is provided with a pressure relief hole (11) extending through a thickness direction thereof. The explosion prevention piece and the temperature-sensitive film are connected with the main body, and are arranged to cover the pressure relief hole. The temperature-sensitive film is made of plastic. In technical solutions of the present disclosure, the temperature-sensitive film is arranged in the explosion prevention valve. When the battery core normally operates, a temperature of the explosion prevention valve is less than a preset temperature, and the temperature-sensitive film and the explosion prevention piece are arranged to jointly cover the pressure relief hole. In this case, an opening pressure PA1 of the explosion prevention valve is maintained between 0.4 MPa and 1.2 MPa to prevent the explosion prevention valve from being accidentally opened. When the battery core is out of control, the temperature of the explosion prevention valve is greater than the preset temperature, the temperature-sensitive film is softened, and an opening pressure PA2 of the explosion prevention valve is reduced to be between 0.2 MPa and 1 MPa. In this way, the explosion prevention valve can be opened in advance, which improves a response speed of the explosion prevention valve.