Battery Module Vent Cover That Blocks Oxygen During Thermal Propagation
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Solution Overview
Problem
In densely packed battery modules, thermal propagation can lead to the generation of high-temperature gas and sparks, increasing the risk of fire, which is difficult to extinguish and can cause significant damage due to the concentration of batteries in a narrow space.
Innovation Solution
A battery module design featuring a cell assembly with a module case and an oxygen inflow blocking cover, comprising overlapping partition walls with vent holes and a hole blocking member that deforms to block oxygen inflow, allowing gas discharge while preventing oxygen from re-entering and sparking.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If battery modules are densely packed to increase energy density, then energy storage capacity is improved, but fire risk and thermal propagation spread are worsened
Solution Approach 1:
The module case is divided into multiple compartments by partition walls, creating separate spaces that segment the battery modules. This segmentation prevents fire from spreading between adjacent modules while maintaining high density packing, thus resolving the contradiction between energy storage capacity and fire risk
Solution Approach 2:
The partition walls act as intermediary structures between adjacent battery modules. These walls include vent holes that allow controlled gas release while preventing direct fire propagation, serving as a mediator that enables dense packing without proportionally increasing fire hazard
2Object-generated harmful factors
If vent holes are provided in partition walls to discharge high-temperature gas, then thermal propagation is controlled, but oxygen inflow and fire occurrence are worsened
Solution Approach 1:
The cover is designed to dynamically change its state based on temperature conditions. At normal temperatures, vent holes remain open to discharge high-temperature gas and control thermal propagation. When temperature rises due to fire risk, the cover deforms or melts to block the vent holes, preventing oxygen inflow and extinguishing the fire
Solution Approach 2:
The cover material's physical properties change in response to temperature parameters. The material is selected to have specific melting or deformation points that correspond to fire conditions, allowing the vent holes to automatically close when temperature exceeds safe thresholds, thus preventing oxygen-fed fires while maintaining thermal propagation control
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Effectively prevents the occurrence and spread of fire by discharging gases externally and blocking oxygen inflow, thereby preventing combustion, and allows for quick extinguishment of any internal fires.
Implementation Method 1
a hole blocking member positioned between the partition walls and configured to block the vent hole by deforming its shape when heat is applied
Data Source
AI summary
A battery module may include a cell assembly having a plurality of battery cells; a module case provided to accommodate the cell assembly and having an opening on at least one side; and an oxygen inflow blocking cover covering the opening. The oxygen inflow blocking cover may include two or more partition walls each having a vent hole, overlapping each other, provided to cover the opening, and configured such that gas is discharged to the outside of the module case through the vent hole when the gas is generated in the cell assembly; and a hole blocking member positioned between the partition walls and configured to block the vent hole by deforming its shape when heat is applied.