Battery Module Vent Guide Layout for Fire Spread Suppression
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing energy storage systems face challenges in achieving high energy density while preventing the spread of fire between battery modules due to hot emissions.
Innovation Solution
A battery module design featuring a module case with vents that redirect hot emissions away from adjacent modules, combined with a filtration grid to prevent foreign matter from entering, enhances energy density and suppresses fire spread.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If layers of the rack are arranged with a sufficient height difference to prevent fire spread, then safety is improved, but spatial integration is reduced causing lower energy density
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful hot emissions are extracted and redirected away from adjacent battery modules through the vent guide structure. The vent guide takes out the hot gas and flaming debris from the module vent and redirects it to discharge in a direction intersecting the second direction, preventing fire spread to upper layers without requiring increased vertical spacing.
Solution Approach 2:
The vent guide acts as an intermediary component between the module vent and the external environment. It intercepts hot emissions discharged from the module vent and redirects them away from adjacent battery modules, serving as a mediator that prevents fire spread while maintaining compact rack arrangement.
2Ease of manufacture
If battery cells are arranged in a single layer with cell vents facing upwards, then manufacturing is simplified, but fire spread to upper layers occurs due to hot emissions
Solution Approach 1:
The vent guide serves as an intermediary that redirects hot emissions away from adjacent modules. This allows the maintenance of simple upward-facing cell vent arrangement while preventing fire spread through the mediation of the vent guide structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The harmful hot emissions that naturally rise upward are converted into a controlled discharge path by the vent guide. The vent guide utilizes the upward momentum of hot gases and redirects them laterally to intersecting directions, transforming the harmful upward convection into a beneficial lateral discharge that prevents fire spread.
3Reliability
If module vents are provided to discharge hot emissions, then fire spread is prevented, but foreign matter may enter the module case through the vents
Solution Approach 1:
The filtration grid acts as an intermediary component positioned at the module vent. It filters foreign matter from hot emissions while allowing the emissions to pass through to the vent guide for redirection, preventing contamination while maintaining fire safety functionality.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively improves energy density by optimizing battery cell arrangement and suppresses fire spread by redirecting and filtering hot emissions, thereby enhancing the safety and efficiency of the energy storage system.
Implementation Method 1
a vent guide guiding emissions discharged from the module case through the module vent. The vent guide may include a bent tube redirecting the emissions from the module vent to be discharged in a direction intersecting the second direction
Implementation Method 2
a filtration grid preventing foreign matter larger than a predetermined size from entering the module case through the module vent
Data Source
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AI summary
Aspects of the present invention relate to a battery module (100A, 100B, 100C, 1000, 200) and an energy storage system including the same, the battery module (100A, 100B, 100C, 1000, 200) including: a plurality of battery cells (101) each including a cell vent (120) open in a second direction intersecting a first direction; and a module case (140A, 140B, 140C, 140D, 210) receiving the plurality of battery cells (101) therein and formed with a plurality of module vents (152, 225) each facing one of the plurality of cell vents (120).