Battery Cell Wall Layout for Thermal Runaway Vent Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
The safety of batteries is compromised due to thermal runaway, where emissions can break through thermal management components, causing short circuits and potential damage, highlighting the need for enhanced safety measures in battery design.
Innovation Solution
A battery design incorporating a pressure relief mechanism on one wall, with a thermal management component attached to a different wall, and a bus component electrically connected to the electrode terminal on a third wall, ensuring emissions are directed away from the thermal management component and bus component, and a collection cavity to contain emissions, enhancing safety by preventing short circuits and thermal diffusion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If the thermal management component is attached to the same wall as the pressure relief mechanism, then the thermal management efficiency is improved, but the emissions can break through the thermal management component causing short circuits
Solution Approach 1:
The battery cell wall is segmented into multiple functional zones: the first wall houses the pressure relief mechanism, the second wall (different from the first) accommodates the thermal management component, and the third wall (different from both) contains the electrode terminal. This spatial segmentation ensures that emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism cannot reach the thermal management component or electrode terminal, preventing short circuits while maintaining thermal management effectiveness.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary spatial arrangement where the emissions discharge path is directed away from critical components. The first wall acts as an intermediary barrier that channels emissions in a safe direction, preventing direct contact between emissions and the thermal management component or electrode terminal on other walls.
2Device complexity
If the electrode terminal and bus component are arranged on the same wall, then the electrical connection is simplified, but the emissions can cause short circuits between bus components
Solution Approach 1:
The electrical components are segmented across different walls: the electrode terminal is positioned on the third wall, while the bus component is arranged on a different wall. This segmentation creates physical separation between electrical components, ensuring that even if emissions reach one component, they cannot cause short circuits between components on different walls.
3Ease of manufacture
If the thermal management component is arranged on the third wall with the electrode terminal, then the mounting is more convenient, but the contact area for temperature regulation is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from two-dimensional arrangement on a single wall to three-dimensional distribution across multiple walls. The thermal management component is attached to the second wall, which has a larger area than the third wall, providing sufficient contact area for effective temperature regulation while maintaining manufacturing convenience through proper spatial positioning.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design effectively prevents emissions from reaching the thermal management and bus components, reducing the risk of short circuits and thermal diffusion, thereby enhancing the safety and stability of the battery during thermal runaway events.
Implementation Method 1
the thermal management component is configured to regulate the temperature of the battery cell
Implementation Method 2
the emissions discharged from the battery cell through the pressure relief mechanism will be discharged in a direction away from the thermal management component
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of the present application provide a battery and an electrical device. The battery includes: a battery cell, a first wall of the battery cell being provided with a pressure relief mechanism; a thermal management component configured to regulate the temperature of the battery cell, the thermal management component being attached to a second wall of the battery cell, and the second wall being different from the first wall; and a bus component configured to be electrically connected to an electrode terminal of the battery cell, the electrode terminal being arranged on a third wall of the battery cell, and the third wall being different from the first wall.