Battery Cell Vent Shield Structure for Thermal Runaway Discharge
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery technologies face safety risks due to the potential for thermal runaway and pressure buildup, which can lead to explosions and fires, especially when emissions from one battery cell can cause short circuits in adjacent cells.
Innovation Solution
A battery cell design featuring a protective member with a body portion, shielding portion, and weak portion, where the weak portion is designed to break under high temperature and pressure, creating a channel for discharge and shielding the pressure relief mechanism to prevent melt-through from emissions, while the shielding portion blocks external contaminants and emissions from other cells.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a protective member is added to shield the pressure relief mechanism, then the safety is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The protective member is divided into three functional segments: a body portion for structural support and connection, a shielding portion for blocking emissions, and a weak portion for controlled breaking. This segmentation allows each part to perform its specific function efficiently while keeping the overall design manageable and not excessively complex.
Solution Approach 2:
The protective member acts as an intermediary element between the external environment and the pressure relief mechanism. It mediates by blocking harmful emissions from other battery cells while still allowing the pressure relief mechanism to function when needed, thus protecting without completely isolating the system.
2Reliability
If the weak portion is designed to break easily, then the discharge channel formation is improved, but the structural integrity of the protective member is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The protective member is segmented into portions with different strength characteristics. The body portion maintains high structural integrity for overall support, while the weak portion is specifically designed with lower strength to break and form discharge channels. This segmentation allows the structure to be both strong where needed and weak where required for safety functions.
Solution Approach 2:
Different portions of the protective member have different local qualities: the body portion has high strength and rigidity for structural support, the shielding portion has appropriate density for blocking emissions, and the weak portion has deliberately reduced strength for controlled breaking. This local quality variation enables the component to perform multiple functions simultaneously without compromising overall structural integrity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design enhances safety by allowing timely discharge of high-temperature and high-pressure substances, reducing the risk of short circuits and explosions, and maintaining the integrity of the pressure relief mechanism by blocking external hazards, thereby improving overall safety performance.
Implementation Method 1
the weak portion is configured to be broken when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so as to disconnect the body portion from the shielding portion
Implementation Method 2
the shielding portion is configured to shield the pressure relief mechanism... the shielding portion of the protective member of the battery cell may block emissions released from other battery cells, so as to reduce possibility of melt-through of the pressure relief mechanism
Implementation Method 3
when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to release a high-temperature and high-pressure substance from the battery cell
Data Source
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AI summary
Provided in the embodiments of the present application are a battery cell and a manufacturing method and system therefor, a battery, and an electrical apparatus. The battery cell comprises: a battery case, comprising a first wall and a pressure-release mechanism, the pressure-release mechanism being arranged on the first wall, and the pressure-release mechanism being used for actuating when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value in order to release the internal pressure; and a protective component positioned on the outside of the first wall, the protective component comprising a main body part, a shielding part, and a weakened part, the main body part being used for connecting the first wall, the shielding part being used for shielding the pressure-release mechanism, and the weakened part being used for connecting the main body part and the shielding part, the weakened part being configured to rupture when the pressure-release mechanism actuates in order to break the connection between the main body part and the shielding part. The shielding part can block discharged matter released by other battery cells, reducing the risk of the pressure-release mechanism being melted and penetrated by the discharged matter. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell, the weakened part ruptures under the action of a high-temperature high-pressure substance so that the high-temperature high-pressure substance is promptly discharged.