Battery Pressure Relief Shielding for Thermal Runaway Venting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery technologies face challenges in ensuring safety during thermal runaway, as high-temperature and high-speed substances released can pierce protective members, leading to potential damage and energy density loss.
Innovation Solution
A battery design incorporating a protective member with dimensions optimized based on the temperature of substances released, where the ratio of protective member dimension to temperature (D/T) is limited between 5×10−4 mm/°C and 5.3×10−3 mm/°C, ensuring effective thermal protection while minimizing energy density loss and redundancy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the protective member dimension D is increased to reduce the risk of being pierced by high-temperature substances, then safety is improved, but the volume and weight of the protective member increase, leading to energy density loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by establishing a quantitative relationship between the protective member dimension D and the highest temperature T of released substances through the ratio D/T. By limiting this ratio to 5×10−4 mm/°C ≤ D/T ≤ 5.3×10−3 mm/°C, the patent determines the optimal dimension D based on the actual thermal runaway temperature, avoiding excessive design while ensuring safety. This resolves the contradiction by making the protective member dimension adaptive rather than fixed, reducing unnecessary material usage while maintaining protection effectiveness.
2Temperature
If the protective member dimension D is increased to reduce heat transfer to the first wall, then thermal protection is improved, but the volume and weight of the protective member increase, leading to energy density loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses parameter changes by establishing the dimension D of the protective member based on the highest temperature T of substances released during thermal runaway through the ratio relationship D/T. This allows the protective member to provide adequate thermal protection by blocking heat transfer to the first wall while minimizing its dimension to avoid excessive volume and weight, thereby resolving the contradiction between thermal protection and energy density.
3Device complexity
If the protective member dimension D is set to a fixed value to simplify design, then design complexity is reduced, but redundancy is introduced, leading to energy density loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves the contradiction between design simplicity and energy density by introducing a simplified parameter relationship (the ratio D/T) that captures the essential physics of thermal protection. Instead of complex multi-parameter optimization, the patent uses this single ratio constraint to determine the protective member dimension, achieving both design simplicity and energy efficiency by eliminating redundancy while maintaining protection effectiveness.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution effectively reduces the risk of the protective member being pierced and minimizes heat transfer to the battery's first wall, enhancing safety and maintaining energy density by optimizing the protective member's dimensions relative to the thermal impact.
Implementation Method 1
at least a portion of the protective member is located between the first wall and the pressure relief mechanism and configured to cover the pressure relief hole in an axial direction of the pressure relief hole. The portion of the protective member covering the pressure relief hole in the axial direction has a minimum dimension of D in the axial direction, and highest temperature of substances released from the battery unit through the pressure relief hole is T
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of this application provide a battery and an electric apparatus. The battery includes a box, a battery unit, and a protective member. The box includes a first wall. The battery unit is accommodated within the box, where the battery unit is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is configured to form a pressure relief hole for releasing substances inside the battery unit. The protective member is accommodated within the box, where at least a portion of the protective member is located between the first wall and the pressure relief mechanism and configured to cover the pressure relief hole in an axial direction of the pressure relief hole. battery unitThe embodiments of this application can improve safety of the battery.