Battery Cell Pressure Relief Protection Against Thermal Shock
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Solution Overview
Problem
The reliability of battery cells, particularly in scenarios of thermal runaway, is compromised due to the risk of explosion and ignition, with high-temperature materials potentially damaging the pressure relief mechanism, leading to cracking failures.
Innovation Solution
A battery cell design incorporating a pressure relief mechanism protected by a protective member with a melting point greater than or equal to 300°C, which isolates high-temperature materials and reduces heat transfer to the mechanism, thereby minimizing cracking risks and enhancing reliability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the pressure relief mechanism is exposed to high-temperature materials during thermal runaway, then the pressure relief function can be activated, but the mechanism is susceptible to cracking failure due to thermal shock
Solution Approach 1:
A protective member made of ceramic material is introduced as an intermediary between the pressure relief mechanism and the external environment. This protective member has high thermal shock resistance and protects the pressure relief mechanism from direct exposure to high-temperature materials and thermal shock, while allowing the pressure relief function to operate when needed.
Solution Approach 2:
The protective member is pre-installed to cover and protect the pressure relief mechanism before thermal runaway occurs. This beforehand protection cushions the mechanism against thermal shock and high-temperature damage, preventing cracking failure before it can occur during actual thermal events.
2Reliability
If a protective member is added to cover the pressure relief mechanism, then thermal shock resistance is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The protective member is designed as a thin-walled ceramic structure that provides thermal shock protection without adding significant bulk or complexity. The thin-walled design maintains structural simplicity while delivering the necessary thermal protection function.
Solution Approach 2:
The protective member creates a protective environment around the pressure relief mechanism, isolating it from harmful external conditions. This inert protective layer simplifies the overall design by providing a straightforward solution to thermal shock protection without requiring complex active control systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The protective member effectively reduces the risk of pressure relief mechanism failure during thermal events, maintaining the integrity and safety of the battery cell by isolating high-temperature materials and minimizing heat transfer, thus increasing reliability and energy density.
Implementation Method 1
The protective member has a melting point greater than or equal to 300° C. and can withstand relatively strong thermal shock
Implementation Method 2
isolate from at least a part of the high-temperature material to reduce a heat amount transferred to the mechanism
Data Source
AI summary
The present application provides a battery cell, a battery, and an electric device. The battery cell includes a housing, a pressure relief mechanism, and a protective member. The housing includes a wall portion. The pressure relief mechanism is provided at the wall portion, and can be actuated to release gas within the housing in a case where an internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold value. The protective member has a melting point greater than or equal to 300° C., and the protective member covers at least part of the pressure relief mechanism in a thickness direction of the wall portion.