Battery Pack Venting Filter for Thermal Runaway Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery packs struggle with effectively supplying cooling water and smoothly discharging gas during internal gas generation, while also lacking adequate safety measures to prevent thermal runaway and ignition propagation between battery cells.
Innovation Solution
A battery pack design featuring a mesh structure for air inflow and gas discharge, blocking members to prevent thermal runaway, a fire-fighting tank for rapid extinguishing, and a filter system to manage gas venting and prevent external oxygen ingress, combined with a waterproof and dustproof structure.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a conventional battery pack structure is used, then the battery pack can be assembled with standard components, but it fails to effectively supply cooling water and discharge gas during internal gas generation
Solution Approach 1:
The battery case is designed with integrated cooling channels and gas discharge pathways that serve multiple functions simultaneously. The cooling water supply system incorporates both cooling function and gas discharge capability, allowing a single structure to perform multiple protective functions rather than requiring separate dedicated systems for each function.
Solution Approach 2:
A filter with porous structure is installed in the gas discharge pathway. This porous filter allows gas to pass through while blocking external oxygen and contaminants from entering the battery pack, enabling effective gas discharge without compromising internal safety or requiring complex sealing mechanisms.
2Reliability
If conventional battery pack design is used, then assembly is straightforward, but safety measures to prevent thermal runaway propagation are inadequate
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is divided into multiple independent battery modules, each surrounded by protective structures. Blocking members are positioned between adjacent modules to prevent thermal runaway from propagating from one module to another. This segmentation creates fire barriers that isolate potential failure zones while maintaining overall pack functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
Blocking members serve as intermediary structures between battery modules. These members act as physical barriers and heat shields that intercept thermal runaway propagation, preventing direct heat transfer and flame spread between adjacent battery cells or modules while allowing the battery pack to maintain its structural integrity.
3Reliability
If gas venting is enabled, then internal gas can be discharged, but external oxygen may ingress and cause safety issues
Solution Approach 1:
The filter creates a one-way gas flow system that allows internal gas to escape while blocking external air (oxygen) from entering. This establishes a protective barrier that maintains an oxygen-excluded environment inside the battery pack during gas discharge, preventing external oxygen from contributing to potential thermal runaway or combustion reactions.
Solution Approach 2:
A filter with porous structure is installed in the gas discharge pathway. This porous filter allows gas to pass through while blocking external oxygen and contaminants from entering the battery pack, enabling effective gas discharge without compromising internal safety or requiring complex sealing mechanisms.
4Power
If battery cells are connected in series or parallel to increase voltage and capacity, then energy output is improved, but the number of components increases maintenance difficulty
Solution Approach 1:
The battery pack is divided into multiple independent battery modules, each surrounded by protective structures. Blocking members are positioned between adjacent modules to prevent thermal runaway from propagating from one module to another. This segmentation creates fire barriers that isolate potential failure zones while maintaining overall pack functionality.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design ensures effective cooling and gas discharge, prevents thermal runaway propagation, enhances safety, and allows for easy maintenance, while providing a battery pack that can be stacked to achieve various voltage ranges and storage capacities.
Implementation Method 1
a mesh structure for guiding gas discharge
Implementation Method 2
a filter that is detachably mounted on the venting hole to prevent external oxygen from entering an internal space of the battery pack through the venting hole
Implementation Method 3
blocking members to prevent thermal runaway
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3
Figure 4
AI summary
A battery pack according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a cell module assembly including a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked; a pack case configured so as to house the cell module assembly and including a venting hole on at least one surface; and a filter disposed in the venting hole and configured to be detachable, wherein the filter is mounted on the venting hole to filter venting gas when a thermal event occurs in the battery cell, and can be removed from the venting hole so as to promote maintenance and repair of the inside of the battery pack in normal times.