Battery Module Venting Layout for Heat and Flame Discharge
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional battery modules face issues with durability and stability due to rapid heat propagation and continuous ignition phenomena when internal pressure increases, leading to heat, gas, or flame discharge between closely stacked battery cells, which can affect adjacent modules in a pack.
Innovation Solution
A battery module design featuring a module frame with vents that include an inlet and outlet port, covered by a mesh-shaped cover, strategically positioned to facilitate the discharge of internal heat, gas, or flames away from the module, thereby suppressing flames and improving safety by preventing blockages and minimizing impact on adjacent modules.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If battery cells are stacked at narrow intervals to maximize energy storage capacity, then energy storage capacity is improved, but heat propagation speed increases and durability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The module frame is divided into multiple vents distributed across different surfaces (front, rear, side surfaces), creating segmented heat discharge pathways. This segmentation allows heat to be discharged from multiple locations simultaneously, reducing heat accumulation and propagation speed while maintaining close battery cell stacking for high energy density.
Solution Approach 2:
The vent acts as an intermediary structure between the battery cell stack and the external environment. It provides a controlled pathway for heat, gas, and flame to escape, mediating the interaction between internal thermal events and external surroundings, thereby preventing direct heat transfer to adjacent battery cells.
2Quantity of substance
If battery cells are stacked at narrow intervals to maximize energy storage capacity, then energy storage capacity is improved, but heat discharge efficiency worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The venting system transitions from traditional single-surface venting to multi-surface venting, adding spatial dimensions to heat discharge. Vents are formed on front surfaces, rear surfaces, and side surfaces of the module frame, creating three-dimensional heat escape pathways that improve discharge efficiency without increasing battery cell density.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If vents are formed on the module frame to discharge heat, then heat discharge efficiency is improved, but structural complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The vent structure serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a heat discharge pathway, a flame suppression barrier, and a structural component of the module frame. The vent hole formed in the module frame integrates these functions without requiring separate components, thereby improving heat discharge efficiency while minimizing structural complexity.
4Object-generated harmful factors
If vents are formed on the module frame to discharge heat, then heat discharge efficiency is improved, but manufacturing precision requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The vent is formed directly in the module frame during the frame manufacturing process itself, utilizing the frame's own material and structure to create the venting pathway. This self-service approach eliminates the need for separate vent components or post-manufacturing modifications, thereby improving heat discharge efficiency while reducing manufacturing precision requirements.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The venting system effectively suppresses internal flames and rapidly discharges heat, gas, or flames, enhancing the durability and long-term stability of the battery module by preventing continuous ignition and reducing the risk of damage to adjacent modules.
Implementation Method 1
when the internal pressure of the battery cell 11 increases due to overcharging or the like, high-temperature heat, gas, or flame may be discharged to the outside of the battery cell 11
Implementation Method 2
heat, gas, or flame discharged from one battery cell 11 is transferred to another adjacent battery cell 11 at a narrow interval
Data Source
AI summary
A battery module includes a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked in one direction, a module frame that houses the battery cell stack and has an inner surface and an outer surface, and an end plate that is coupled to the module frame and covers the front surface or rear surface of the battery cell stack, wherein the module frame is formed with at least one venting part in the form of a hole that defines an inlet port formed on the inner surface and an outlet port formed on the outer surface, and wherein the venting part is covered by a cover having at least one opening formed therein.