Battery Pack Pressure Relief Channels With Heat-Insulation Cavities
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Solution Overview
Problem
Batteries are prone to thermal runaway due to rapid spread of high-temperature gas from a thermal safety incident in one cell to all cells, posing a safety risk.
Innovation Solution
A pressure relief structure with exhaust channels and hollow heat insulation cavities between them, featuring cell pressure relief vents, enhances the safety and structural strength by preventing rapid gas spread and improving the bottom plate's reinforcement.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If exhaust channels are provided in the bottom plate for pressure relief, then the ability to discharge high-temperature gas is improved, but the structural strength of the bottom plate deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The bottom plate is segmented into multiple exhaust channels that are distributed across the plate. Each channel acts as an independent pressure relief pathway, allowing the system to maintain structural integrity while providing multiple discharge routes for high-temperature gas, thus resolving the contradiction between pressure relief ability and structural strength
Solution Approach 2:
Heat insulation cavities are introduced as intermediary structures between adjacent exhaust channels. These cavities serve as thermal barriers that prevent heat transfer between neighboring channels, allowing the bottom plate to maintain its strength while effectively managing thermal incidents through isolated pressure relief pathways
2Productivity
If high-temperature gas is allowed to spread rapidly for pressure relief, then the pressure discharge efficiency is improved, but the thermal safety of other cells deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The pressure relief system is divided into multiple independent exhaust channels, each serving specific cells. This segmentation allows pressure to be discharged in a controlled manner through distributed channels rather than allowing uncontrolled rapid spread, maintaining discharge efficiency while preventing thermal runaway in other cells
Solution Approach 2:
Heat insulation cavities are positioned between adjacent exhaust channels to act as thermal barriers. These intermediaries block the direct path of high-temperature gas between channels, preventing thermal propagation to other cells while still allowing each channel to efficiently discharge pressure from its associated cells
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The structure effectively prevents rapid gas spread, improving safety performance and structural strength by reducing heat transfer and enhancing the bottom plate's ability to manage thermal incidents.
Implementation Method 1
At least one heat insulation cavity is provided between adjacent two of the plurality of exhaust channels. The heat insulation cavity is hollow... Since the heat insulation cavity is hollow, heat transfer is reduced.
Data Source
Figure 1~4
AI summary
A pressure relief structure includes a bottom plate (1). The bottom plate (1) is provided with exhaust channels (11). Two ends of each of the exhaust channels (11) are exhaust ports (12). A plurality of exhaust channels (11) are provided. The plurality of exhaust channels (11) are arranged side by side. At least one heat insulation cavity (17) is provided between adjacent two of the exhaust channels (11). The heat insulation cavity (17) is hollow. The exhaust channels (11) are provided with a plurality of cell pressure relief vents (13). The cell pressure relief vents (13) are provided corresponding to the cells (22).