Battery Venting With Negative Pressure for Thermal Runaway
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Solution Overview
Problem
The reliability of batteries, particularly lithium batteries, is compromised by potential accident hazards such as thermal runaway and explosions due to inadequate pressure relief mechanisms.
Innovation Solution
Incorporation of negative pressure mechanisms, including a pressure relief mechanism and a first negative pressure mechanism, to accelerate the discharge of gas from the battery case by creating a negative pressure differential, and additional negative pressure mechanisms in the energy storage device to balance internal and external pressures, thereby reducing accident hazards.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a conventional pressure relief mechanism is used, then the battery can release pressure when threshold is reached, but the gas discharge speed is insufficient and accident hazards remain
Solution Approach 1:
The negative pressure mechanism is activated in advance before thermal runaway occurs, creating a negative pressure environment that prepares the system for rapid gas discharge. This preliminary action ensures that when pressure relief is needed, the gas can be discharged immediately at high speed through the pre-established negative pressure gradient.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses pneumatic principles by introducing a negative pressure mechanism that creates a pressure differential between the battery interior and exterior. This pneumatic approach enables controlled, high-speed gas discharge through pressure differential-driven flow, significantly improving the speed of pressure relief compared to conventional passive mechanisms.
2Reliability
If the pressure relief mechanism opens to release pressure, then gas can be discharged, but the discharge process may be uncontrolled and cause secondary hazards
Solution Approach 1:
The negative pressure mechanism applies a counteracting force before thermal runaway occurs, creating a negative pressure environment that opposes the buildup of positive pressure. This preliminary anti-action prevents the uncontrolled pressure surge that would otherwise lead to explosive discharge and secondary hazards.
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates temperature and pressure sensors that continuously monitor battery status and provide feedback to the control unit. When abnormal conditions are detected, the control unit activates the negative pressure mechanism and pressure relief valve, creating a closed-loop control system that manages the pressure relief process safely and prevents secondary hazards.
3Ease of operation
If only a pressure relief valve is used, then pressure can be released passively, but the gas flow direction and speed cannot be controlled
Solution Approach 1:
The negative pressure mechanism serves multiple functions: it creates negative pressure to drive gas flow, controls discharge speed, directs gas flow through the exhaust channel, and works协同 with the pressure relief valve. This multi-functionality improves pressure relief efficiency while maintaining operational simplicity through integrated control.
Solution Approach 2:
The negative pressure mechanism acts as an intermediary between the battery interior and exterior, mediating the pressure relief process. It controls the rate and direction of gas discharge by maintaining a controlled negative pressure gradient, enabling efficient pressure relief without the uncontrolled explosive discharge that would occur with passive valves alone.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The implementation of negative pressure mechanisms enhances the safety and reliability of batteries by expediting the release of gas, preventing thermal runaway, and maintaining a stable internal environment, thus reducing the risk of explosions.
Implementation Method 1
the first negative pressure mechanism is configured to generate negative pressure to guide gas in the battery case to move toward the pressure relief mechanism
Implementation Method 2
through the continuous cooling of the condensing pipe to lower the surrounding air pressure, the speed at which the gas in the battery case moves toward the pressure relief mechanism is further accelerated
Data Source
AI summary
A battery comprises a battery case, a pressure relief mechanism, and a first negative pressure mechanism. The pressure relief mechanism is arranged at a wall portion of the battery case, and the pressure relief mechanism is used for relieving the internal pressure of the battery case when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery case reaches a threshold value. The first negative pressure mechanism is connected to the pressure relief mechanism, and the first negative pressure mechanism is used for generating a negative pressure, so as to direct gas in the battery case to move towards the pressure relief mechanism.