Battery Pressure Relief Channel for Thermal Runaway Venting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Batteries face reliability issues during thermal runaway due to internal pressure and temperature buildup, leading to potential severe damage to the battery casing.
Innovation Solution
A battery design incorporating a pressure relief channel with first and second pressure relief mechanisms to safely discharge emissions from thermal runaway battery cells, with specific design parameters for the pressure relief area and discharge path to manage temperature and pressure effectively.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a pressure relief channel with first and second pressure relief mechanisms is implemented, then the reliability of the battery during thermal runaway is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The pressure relief system is divided into two distinct mechanisms: a first pressure relief mechanism within each battery cell and a second pressure relief mechanism in the battery pack. This segmentation allows each mechanism to handle pressure relief at different levels, improving overall reliability while distributing the complexity across modular components rather than concentrating it in a single complex system.
Solution Approach 2:
The pressure relief channel acts as an intermediary component that connects the first pressure relief mechanism in the battery cell to the second pressure relief mechanism in the battery pack. This intermediary structure enables controlled pressure and emission transfer between the two mechanisms, facilitating coordinated pressure relief while maintaining system manageability.
2Reliability
If the pressure relief area S and discharge path length L are optimized according to the formula S/L²≥0.25 dm⁻¹s⁻¹, then the exhaust temperature is reduced and reliability is enhanced, but the design constraints increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent establishes a quantitative relationship between pressure relief area S and discharge path length L through the formula S/L²≥0.25 dm⁻¹s⁻¹. This parameter change approach allows designers to adjust either the pressure relief area or the discharge path length while maintaining the required performance, providing flexibility in meeting the reliability requirement without demanding extreme precision in both dimensions simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The formula provides a minimum threshold (S/L²≥0.25 dm⁻¹s⁻¹) rather than a single precise value, allowing for partial satisfaction of the constraint. Designers can exceed the minimum requirement in one parameter while being more lenient in another, enabling practical manufacturing tolerance while still achieving the desired exhaust temperature reduction and reliability enhancement.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design reduces the risk of severe damage to the battery casing by effectively managing thermal runaway emissions, enhancing the reliability and safety of the battery during use.
Implementation Method 1
the pressure relief channel is configured to guide the emissions to move to the second pressure relief mechanism
Implementation Method 2
when a battery cell inside the battery undergoes thermal runaway, the first pressure relief mechanism is actuated, and the emissions generated by the battery cell are released into the pressure relief channel
Implementation Method 3
the second pressure relief mechanism is configured to release the emissions from the pressure relief channel to the outside of the box when actuated. This reduces the temperature and pressure inside the box
Data Source
AI summary
A battery and an electric apparatus are disclosed. The battery includes a box, a battery module disposed within the box, and a pressure relief channel. The battery module includes at least one battery cell, each equipped with a first pressure relief mechanism. The box includes a second pressure relief mechanism. The pressure relief channel connects the first pressure relief mechanism of at least one battery cell to the second pressure relief mechanism. Upon actuation, the first pressure relief mechanism releases emissions from inside the battery cell into the pressure relief channel. The pressure relief channel guides the emissions to the second pressure relief mechanism, which, when actuated, discharges the emissions to the exterior of the box. This structure enables the reduction of internal temperature and pressure in the box during abnormal conditions, helping reduce the risk of severe damage and enhancing the operational safety and reliability of the battery.