Battery Pack Venting Structure for Thermal Runaway Emissions
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current battery designs face safety hazards due to thermal runaway, where emissions from a failing battery cell can cause high temperatures and pressure, leading to potential explosions and fires, with existing discharge methods risking damage to the battery box and external environment.
Innovation Solution
A battery design that separates the electrical chamber for battery cells from the collection chamber for emissions, using a thermal management component to isolate and manage emissions, extending the discharge path and reducing the temperature of emissions, thereby enhancing safety.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If emissions are discharged directly from the battery cell, then the pressure relief mechanism functions effectively, but the high-temperature emissions damage the battery box and external environment
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a thermal management component as an intermediary between the battery cell and the external environment. This component includes a first wall with a pressure relief mechanism and a second wall forming a collection chamber, creating a buffer zone that intercepts and cools emissions before they reach the battery box, thus resolving the contradiction between effective pressure relief and thermal damage prevention
2Device complexity
If the electrical chamber and collection chamber are combined, then the device structure is simplified, but emissions can cause short circuits in the electrical chamber
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the battery assembly into two distinct chambers: an electrical chamber for housing battery cells and electrical components, and a collection chamber for receiving and containing emissions. This segmentation physically isolates harmful emissions from electrical components, preventing short circuits while maintaining overall structural organization
3Temperature
If the discharge path is extended through thermal management component, then the temperature of emissions is reduced, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The thermal management component serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a structural barrier separating the electrical chamber from the collection chamber, provides a pressure relief mechanism for safe emissions discharge, and functions as a thermal management system that cools emissions during transit. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate dedicated components for each function
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively reduces the impact of high-temperature emissions on the battery and external environment, preventing short circuits and extending the discharge path to minimize thermal runaway risks, thus enhancing overall safety.
Implementation Method 1
a thermal management component for containing a fluid to adjust the temperature of the battery cell
Implementation Method 2
the pressure relief mechanism being configured, when an internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a threshold, to be actuated to release the internal pressure
Data Source
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Figure 6~7a
AI summary
Embodiments of the present application are provided with a box of a battery, a battery, a power consumption device, and a method and device for producing a battery. The box of the battery includes: an electrical chamber; a thermal management component; and a collection chamber, configured to collect emissions from the battery cell provided with the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated; wherein the thermal management component is configured to isolate the electrical chamber from the collection chamber, a pressure relief region is disposed on the thermal management component, and the emissions collected by the collection chamber is discharged through the pressure relief region. According to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the safety of the battery can be enhanced.