Battery Voltage Estimation Using Linearized Open-Circuit Potential

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current battery management systems face challenges in accurately estimating battery voltage due to the complexity and computational intensity of existing electrochemical models, which hinders real-time state of charge, state of health, and power management in electric vehicles.

Innovation Solution

A computer-implemented method that linearizes the open circuit potential of an electrochemical battery model using piece-wise linearization with a specified number of knots to minimize squared-approximation error, allowing for faster and more accurate voltage estimation, thereby simplifying the battery model for real-time applications.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a rigorous physics-based P2D model is used to model battery electrochemical processes, then accuracy and precision of battery voltage estimation is improved, but computational time and model complexity increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery voltage estimation accuracyVSAvoidcomputational time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the continuous open circuit potential function into multiple linear segments (piece-wise linearization) defined by knots. This segmentation transforms the complex non-linear P2D model into a simplified model that maintains accuracy while reducing computational time, enabling real-time battery voltage estimation without the full computational burden of the original physics-based model.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter representation of the open circuit potential from a continuous non-linear function to a set of discrete linear segments with specific knot points. This parameter transformation allows the model to retain essential electrochemical behavior while dramatically reducing computational complexity and execution time for real-time applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If a rigorous physics-based P2D model is used to model battery electrochemical processes, then accuracy and precision of battery voltage estimation is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebattery voltage estimation accuracyVSAvoidmodel complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the continuous open circuit potential function into multiple linear segments (piece-wise linearization) defined by knots. This segmentation transforms the complex non-linear P2D model into a simplified model that maintains accuracy while reducing computational time, enabling real-time battery voltage estimation without the full computational burden of the original physics-based model.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter representation of the open circuit potential from a continuous non-linear function to a set of discrete linear segments with specific knot points. This parameter transformation allows the model to retain essential electrochemical behavior while dramatically reducing computational complexity and execution time for real-time applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If piece-wise linearization with more knots is used to minimize squared-approximation error, then voltage estimation accuracy is improved, but computational effort increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage estimation accuracyVSAvoidestimation speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial action by using a moderate number of knots (not the maximum possible) that provides sufficient accuracy for practical applications. This partial linearization achieves the necessary voltage estimation accuracy while avoiding the excessive computational effort that would result from using too many knots, thus maintaining real-time estimation capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the parameter representation of the open circuit potential from a continuous non-linear function to a set of discrete linear segments with specific knot points. This parameter transformation allows the model to retain essential electrochemical behavior while dramatically reducing computational complexity and execution time for real-time applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP3475712B1Method and device for estimating a voltage of a battery
Publication Date: 2023.11.01 BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG
  • EP3475712B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3475712B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3475712B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

In a method for estimating a voltage of a battery a given electrochemical battery model is provided, wherein one parameter of the electrochemical battery model is an open circuit potential. The open circuit potential is linearized. The voltage of the battery is estimated by means of the electrochemical battery model with the linearized open circuit potential.