Battery Cell Voltage Sensing Circuit for Reverse Voltage Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing voltage sensing circuits in eco-friendly vehicles face increased area consumption, design complexity, and decreased precision when measuring both positive and reverse voltages of fuel cells.
Innovation Solution
A battery voltage measuring apparatus with a positive voltage sensing circuit, reverse voltage protection circuit, and boosting resistor to detect and protect against reverse voltages, reducing circuit complexity and enhancing precision.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If a voltage sensing circuit is used to measure both positive voltage and reverse voltage of the fuel cell, then both positive voltage and reverse voltage can be detected, but the area consumption and design complexity of the voltage sensing circuit are increased and the precision of voltage sensing is decreased
Solution Approach 1:
The voltage sensing function is segmented into two separate circuits: a positive voltage sensing circuit for measuring positive voltages and a reverse voltage sensing circuit for detecting reverse voltages. Each circuit is optimized for its specific function, avoiding the complexity of a unified circuit that must handle both polarities. The protection circuits are also segmented, with each protection circuit corresponding to a specific battery cell and its associated sensing terminals.
Solution Approach 2:
The reverse voltage detection function is extracted as a separate circuit from the main positive voltage sensing circuit. The reverse voltage sensing circuit independently detects reverse voltages on sensing terminals, while the positive voltage sensing circuit focuses solely on positive voltage measurements. This extraction eliminates the need for the main circuit to handle both voltage polarities, reducing its complexity and improving precision.
2Adaptability or versatility
If a voltage sensing circuit is used to measure both positive voltage and reverse voltage of the fuel cell, then both positive voltage and reverse voltage can be detected, but the area consumption of the voltage sensing circuit is increased
Solution Approach 1:
By segmenting the sensing functions into separate circuits, each circuit can be minimized in size for its specific purpose. The positive voltage sensing circuit uses standard ADC components optimized for positive voltage ranges, while the reverse voltage sensing circuit uses a compact configuration with protection circuits and voltage sources tailored for reverse voltage detection. This segmentation avoids the need for a larger, more complex unified circuit that would be required to handle both voltage polarities simultaneously.
3Adaptability or versatility
If a voltage sensing circuit is used to measure both positive voltage and reverse voltage of the fuel cell, then both positive voltage and reverse voltage can be detected, but the precision of voltage sensing is decreased
Solution Approach 1:
The segmentation of sensing functions allows each circuit to be optimized for its specific measurement range. The positive voltage sensing circuit uses ADCs configured for positive voltage measurements, while the reverse voltage sensing circuit uses a dedicated configuration with protection circuits that ensure accurate reverse voltage detection without interfering with positive voltage measurements. This functional separation eliminates cross-interference and maintains high precision for both measurement types.
Solution Approach 2:
By extracting the reverse voltage detection function into a separate circuit, the positive voltage sensing circuit can maintain its precision without being compromised by the requirements of reverse voltage measurement. The reverse voltage sensing circuit independently handles reverse voltage detection using its own protection circuits and voltage sources, preventing any degradation of measurement precision in either circuit.
4Reliability
If protection circuits are added to protect against reverse voltage, then reverse voltage damage is prevented, but the device complexity is increased
Solution Approach 1:
Each protection circuit is locally optimized for its specific battery cell and sensing terminal configuration. The protection circuits use diodes and resistors arranged in configurations tailored to the specific voltage ranges and protection requirements of each cell. This local optimization allows for effective reverse voltage protection without requiring a complex centralized protection system.
Solution Approach 2:
Diodes are used as intermediary components in the protection circuits to prevent reverse voltage from reaching the sensing terminals. The diodes act as one-way valves for current flow, allowing normal operation during positive voltage conditions while blocking reverse voltage. This simple intermediary component provides effective protection without adding significant complexity to the overall circuit.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for measuring voltage in a battery including battery cells connected in series includes a positive voltage sensing circuit to detect each voltage of the battery cells, received through sensing terminals, within a positive voltage range, a reverse voltage protection circuit including protection circuits, the printed circuits including first ends respectively connected to the plurality of sensing terminals different from each other, and second ends connected to each other, a boosting resistor including a first end connected to at least one electrode of the battery, and a reverse voltage sensing circuit to detect a voltage between the first node at which the second ends of the protection circuits are connected to each other and a second node to which a second end of the boosting resistor is connected, and based on the detection, output a signal indicating whether a reverse voltage is generated in the battery.