BAW Resonator Sensor With Integrated Heating for VOC Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current bulk acoustic wave (BAW) sensors face limitations in sensitivity and selectivity, particularly when detecting volatile organic compounds (VOC) and micrometre-sized airborne particles, due to temperature instability and interference from environmental factors like pressure and humidity.

Innovation Solution

An integrated circuit system with a silicon substrate, a bulk acoustic wave resonator, an acoustic mirror, a CMOS circuit, and a heater is developed, where the heater is used to modulate temperature up to 100°C, enhancing sensor performance by improving sensitivity and selectivity, and a temperature sensor is included to maintain precise control.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If temperature modulation is implemented to improve sensitivity and selectivity, then detection performance is improved, but device complexity increases due to additional heater and temperature control components

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection sensitivity and selectivityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The heater structure is merged with the acoustic mirror structure, where the acoustic mirror serves dual functions as both an acoustic reflection layer and a heating element. This integration eliminates the need for separate heater components, reducing device complexity while maintaining temperature modulation capability for improved detection sensitivity and selectivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The acoustic mirror is designed to perform multiple functions: acoustic reflection for resonator operation and thermal heating for temperature modulation. This multi-functionality allows the same structure to serve both the resonator's acoustic needs and the temperature control needs, improving detection performance without proportionally increasing device complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Measurement precision

If temperature is increased to enhance sensitivity and selectivity, then detection performance is improved, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensitivity and selectivityVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The heater is operated in a periodic or pulsed manner rather than continuously, applying temperature modulation only when needed for detection cycles. This periodic heating approach maintains the sensitivity and selectivity improvements while significantly reducing overall energy consumption compared to continuous operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts temperature parameters based on detection requirements, using temperature modulation only when enhanced sensitivity and selectivity are needed. This parameter change strategy allows the system to optimize detection performance while minimizing energy consumption during normal operation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The system effectively enhances the detection of VOC and micrometre-sized particles by improving sensitivity and selectivity through controlled temperature modulation, reducing interference from environmental factors and extending the device's operational life by cleaning the sensor surface.

Implementation Method 1

a heater disposed between the acoustic mirror and the substrate. The system also comprises a controller operatively connected to the integrated circuit or integrated device and configured to receive signals from the integrated circuit or integrated device and/or to provide control signals to the integrated circuit or integrated device. The controller is arranged to cause heating of the heater to at least 100°C

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature modulation: Heating

Implementation Method 2

A BAW device contains a resonator which includes a thin layer of piezoelectric material sandwiched between two electrodes. The two electrodes are used to apply an alternating electric field to the piezoelectric layer and generate a mechanical wave in the resonator.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPiezoelectric effect: Piezoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 3

An acoustic mirror disposed between the bulk acoustic wave resonator and the substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAcoustic reflection: Reflection

Implementation Method 4

The resonator exhibits a resonant frequency which depends on, among other things, mass load. When particles land on the resonator, the mass load changes, thereby causing a shift in resonant frequency which can be detected by a frequency-sensitive circuit.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMass loading effect: Resonance

Data Source

PatentEP3516383B1Bulk acoustic wave resonator based sensor
Publication Date: 2023.06.07 UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
  • EP3516383B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3516383B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3516383B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An integrated circuit is disclosed. The integrated circuit comprise a silicon substrate (21), a sensor (6) comprising a bulk acoustic wave resonator (7) and an acoustic mirror (8) disposed between the bulk acoustic wave resonator and the substrate, and a CMOS circuit (16) supported by substrate and operatively connected to the sensor.