Beaconless Geo-Routing for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current geo-routing techniques in mobile ad hoc networks face significant latency and throughput challenges due to high routing overhead, especially in dense device scenarios and high frame arrival rates, which are critical in cyber-physical systems requiring real-time video communication.

Innovation Solution

A contention-free beaconless geo-routing mechanism is introduced, utilizing the LTE standard's orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and random access channel (RACH) preamble structure to enable concurrent packet transmission, allowing devices to determine progress towards a destination and relay packets based on position information, thereby reducing latency and increasing throughput without modifying the underlying physical layer.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If traditional geo-routing techniques are used in mobile ad hoc networks, then routing functionality is provided, but routing overhead increases significantly leading to high latency and reduced throughput

Engineering Contradiction:

Improverouting functionalityVSAvoidlatency

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the essential routing information (position and progress) from complex routing protocols, keeping only the critical elements needed for forwarding decisions. This reduces routing overhead by removing unnecessary protocol elements while maintaining core routing functionality through position-based progress calculation.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of traditional routing where nodes exchange extensive routing information to determine paths, this patent inverts the approach by having nodes calculate progress based on position information extracted from packet preambles. The forwarding decision is made by comparing progress values rather than exchanging routing tables, significantly reducing overhead.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

2Reliability

If traditional geo-routing techniques are used in mobile ad hoc networks, then routing functionality is provided, but routing overhead increases significantly leading to reduced throughput

Engineering Contradiction:

Improverouting functionalityVSAvoidthroughput

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts only the essential position information from packet preambles, eliminating the need for extensive routing protocol exchanges. This extraction approach reduces overhead and increases throughput by allowing faster forwarding decisions based on position and progress calculations rather than full routing table maintenance.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Each node independently calculates progress values based on position information from packet preambles without requiring centralized routing control or extensive inter-node communication. This self-service approach reduces overhead and increases throughput by enabling autonomous forwarding decisions at each node.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #25Self-service

3Productivity

If position information is extracted from packet preambles for progress calculation, then routing overhead is reduced, but additional processing complexity is introduced

Engineering Contradiction:

Improverouting efficiencyVSAvoidprocessing complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes the existing packet preamble structure, which already serves for synchronization and signal detection, to also carry position information. This multi-functional use of the preamble reduces the need for separate positioning protocols and minimizes additional processing complexity while improving routing efficiency.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Loss of time

If progress-based forwarding is implemented, then latency is reduced, but the system becomes more sensitive to position information accuracy

Engineering Contradiction:

ImprovelatencyVSAvoidposition information accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Loss of timeVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses quantized progress values with limited precision (e.g., 6-bit quantization) that are sufficient for routing decisions without requiring high-precision position information. This approach reduces latency by enabling fast forwarding decisions while being tolerant of position information inaccuracies, effectively using low-precision but sufficient data.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Data Source

PatentUS10609622B2Ad hoc networking scheme for mobile cyber-physical systems

Publication Date: 2020.03.31 KING ABDULLAH UNIV OF SCI & TECH

AI summary

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide techniques for packet routing. In an embodiment, when a transmitting communication device injects a packet into a communication network, a receiving communication device that is closer to a sink or destination than the transmitting communication device relays the packet in a first hop. In a subsequent hop, a receiving communication device evaluates position information conveyed by the transmitting communication device of the first hop to determine whether to forward the packet. Accordingly, a receiving communication device receiver that offers progress towards the sink can elect to forward the packet.