Additive Manufacturing Beam Alignment for Thermal Drift Compensation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing additive manufacturing systems face challenges in maintaining precise alignment of the energy beam with the optical axis, particularly due to thermal changes, which can affect the quality of three-dimensional objects produced in powder bed fusion processes.

Innovation Solution

The system employs an irradiation device with a beam splitter to extract a measurement beam from the energy beam, allowing beam sensors to determine parameters and adjust the position of beam positioning elements to align the energy beam with the optical axis, ensuring accurate alignment during both calibration and manufacturing processes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If beam alignment is not actively controlled, then the system structure remains simple, but manufacturing precision deteriorates due to thermal changes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam alignment precisionVSAvoidsystem structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback control system where beam sensors continuously monitor the energy beam position and provide signals to actuators that adjust the beam alignment. This closed-loop feedback mechanism maintains manufacturing precision by automatically compensating for thermal drift and other alignment disturbances without requiring complex manual intervention

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces beam sensors and actuators as intermediary components between the energy beam source and the workpiece. These intermediaries enable precise alignment control by detecting beam position deviations and executing corrective adjustments, resolving the contradiction between maintaining precision and avoiding excessive system complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Manufacturing precision

If beam alignment is continuously monitored and adjusted, then manufacturing precision is maintained, but the process time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam alignment precisionVSAvoidalignment adjustment time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements continuous beam alignment monitoring and adjustment during the additive manufacturing process. The beam sensors operate continuously to track beam position, and actuators make real-time adjustments without interrupting the manufacturing workflow. This continuous action ensures precision is maintained throughout the entire build process without requiring time-consuming periodic recalibration or manual intervention

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The alignment system operates autonomously using self-service principles. The beam sensors automatically detect alignment deviations, and the control system independently commands actuators to correct the beam position. This self-regulating mechanism maintains precision without consuming additional process time for manual alignment operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures improved beam alignment and quality, compensating for thermal changes and maintaining optimal energy beam parameters, leading to enhanced precision and consistency in additive manufacturing.

Implementation Method 1

a beam splitter disposed downstream from the one or more beam positioning elements and configured to split a measurement beam from the energy beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBeam splitting: Reflection

Implementation Method 2

one or more beam sensors configured to determine one or more parameters of the measurement beam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation detection: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 3

aligning the energy beam at least partially with an optical axis of the irradiation device at least in part by adjusting a position of the one or more beam positioning elements

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical beam steering: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP4112277B1Alignment of energy beams in additive manufacturing systems and machines
Publication Date: 2024.08.07 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
  • EP4112277B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4112277B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP4112277B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

An additive manufacturing system (100) may include an irradiation device (142) configured to emit an energy beam 9144) having a manufacturing power level selected to additively manufacturing a three-dimensional object (114) by irradiating a powder material (120), and a controller (600 configured to perform one or more beam alignment operations when irradiating the powder material (120). The irradiation device (142) may include a beam source (200), one or more beam positioning elements (202), a beam splitter (204) configured to split a measurement beam (206) from the energy beam (144), and one or more beam sensors (208) configured to determine one or more parameters of the measurement beam (206). The one or more beam alignment operations may include determining position information of the energy beam (144) based on the one or more parameters of the measurement beam (206), and aligning the energy beam (144) with an optical axis of the irradiation device (142) by adjusting a position of the one or more beam positioning elements (202) based on the position information.