Beam-Based Random Access for 5G Wireless Systems
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Solution Overview
Problem
In 5G wireless communication systems, the limited number of random-access resources leads to increased failure rates due to collisions among terminals attempting random access, which restricts communication capacity and efficiency.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of non-overlapping and overlapping beam-based random access technologies, where base stations evaluate performance to determine beam width and number of beams, and allocate pilot signals, allowing terminals to select appropriate resources for random access, thereby reducing collisions and improving synchronization.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If orthogonal multiple access (OFDMA) is used in 4G mobile communication system, then interference does not exist among terminals that select different resources, but the maximum communication capacity that can be obtained under the situation of a limited amount of resources (e.g., preamble) is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of multiple access from orthogonal to non-orthogonal, allowing terminals to simultaneously use the same time-frequency resources with different spatial signatures (beamforming weights). This enables multiple terminals to access the base station concurrently without traditional orthogonal resource allocation, dramatically increasing communication capacity while managing interference through spatial separation rather than frequency or time division.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a new spatial dimension for resource allocation by implementing beam-based random access. Instead of allocating resources only in time and frequency domains (2D), the system now utilizes the spatial domain (3D) through beamforming, creating spatially separated access paths for multiple terminals. This dimensional expansion allows simultaneous access by multiple terminals using the same resources, resolving the capacity limitation of orthogonal access.
2Reliability
If non-overlapping beam-based random access is implemented, then multiple terminals can use the same resources without collisions, but the base station requires complex beam management and resource allocation mechanisms
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by having the base station pre-configure multiple non-overlapping beams with distinct spatial directions and pre-allocate random access resources to each beam. Terminals first identify their appropriate beam based on downlink signal measurements, then use the pre-assigned resources for uplink access. This preliminary beam configuration and resource allocation eliminates the need for complex real-time collision resolution mechanisms, reducing base station complexity while maintaining high reliability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the coverage area into multiple non-overlapping beam regions, each with dedicated random access resources. By dividing the overall access resources into beam-specific segments, the system enables multiple terminals in different spatial regions to simultaneously use the same global resources without collision. This segmentation approach simplifies beam management by creating independent, non-interfering access channels for each spatial sector.
3Productivity
If overlapping beam-based random access is implemented, then communication capacity is increased, but interference management becomes more challenging
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces beamforming weights and spatial filtering as intermediary mechanisms that mediate between overlapping beam signals and the base station receiver. These intermediaries process the combined signals from multiple terminals, separating them based on their spatial characteristics even when they use the same time-frequency resources. This intermediary processing enables interference management in overlapping beam scenarios, allowing increased communication capacity without uncontrolled interference.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to a 5G communication system or a pre-5G communication system for supporting higher data transmission rate compared to beyond 4G communication system such as LTE. A terminal, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, comprises: a reception unit for receiving pilot signals; a processor for measuring reception strength of the pilot signals, determining beam-based random access participation on the basis of the measured reception strength, and controlling for an attempt for a beam-based random access if a random access is beam-based random access participation and an attempt for normal random access if not; and a transmission unit for transmitting a random access signal on the basis of the random access attempt.