3D Beam-Forming X-Ray Source for Precise IORT Dose Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional miniature X-ray sources for intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) are expensive, have a limited useful operating life, require high replacement frequency, and their radiation characteristics are difficult to control for conformal radiation therapy.

Innovation Solution

An X-ray source system with an electron beam steering unit and beam-former structure that controls the electron beam's intersection with a target element, allowing for precise control of X-ray beam direction, pattern, and dose by varying the electron beam's location and dwell time, using a high-Z material to absorb a portion of the X-ray radiation and dividing the target into segments to confine emission directions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of moving object

If conventional miniature X-ray sources are used for IORT, then the X-ray source can be inserted into small spaces, but the useful operating life is very limited and replacement frequency is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveuseful operating lifeVSAvoidreplacement frequency
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamics by making the electron beam position dynamic and steerable rather than fixed. The electron beam can be moved to different positions on the target element, allowing the X-ray source to deliver radiation from multiple angles and positions without requiring physical replacement of the entire source device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes parameters by varying the electron beam's position, energy, and intensity to control X-ray generation. By adjusting these parameters, the system can achieve different treatment effects and extend its operational versatility without requiring frequent replacement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Ease of manufacture

If conventional miniature X-ray sources are used for IORT, then the source can be inserted into small spaces, but the cost is very high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecost-effectivenessVSAvoiduseful operating life
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the target element into multiple regions that can be selectively irradiated. This segmentation allows a single, more cost-effective source design to achieve the functionality of multiple fixed sources, reducing overall system cost while maintaining extended operational capability through electronic beam positioning.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Ease of operation

If conventional miniature X-ray sources are used for IORT, then the source can be inserted into small spaces, but the radiation characteristics are difficult to control for conformal radiation therapy

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveradiation control precisionVSAvoidbeam control system
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical movement of the entire X-ray source with electronic control of the electron beam position. Instead of mechanically moving the source, the system uses electric fields to steer the electron beam to different positions on the target, achieving precise radiation control with reduced mechanical complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent makes the radiation delivery dynamic by enabling real-time electron beam steering and positioning. This dynamic control allows precise adaptation of radiation characteristics during treatment without requiring complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables cost-effective, long-lasting, and precise X-ray delivery for IORT, enhancing treatment plans by controlling X-ray beam characteristics.

Implementation Method 1

The filament produces electrons (by means of thermionic emission, field emission, or similar means)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermionic emission: Thermionic Emission

Implementation Method 2

The high voltage potential between the cathode and the anode causes electrons to flow across the vacuum from the cathode to the anode with a very high velocity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron beam acceleration: Electron Beam

Implementation Method 3

When the electrons are decelerated in the target material of the anode, they produce X-rays

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBremsstrahlung radiation: X-Ray

Implementation Method 4

Certain operations associated with X-ray beam control are facilitated by absorbing a portion of the X-ray radiation with the beam-former structure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP3544678B1Three-dimensional beam forming x-ray source
Publication Date: 2025.11.05 EMPYREAN MEDICAL SYSTEMS INC
  • EP3544678B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3544678B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3544678B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Three dimensional beam forming X-ray source includes an electron beam generator (EBG) to generate an electron beam. A target element is disposed a predetermined distance from the EBG and positioned to intercept the electron beam. The target element is responsive to the electron beam to generate X-ray radiation. A beam former is disposed proximate to the target element and comprised of a material which interacts with the X-ray radiation to form an X-ray beam. An EBG control system controls at least one of a beam pattern and a direction of the X-ray beam by selectively varying a location where the electron beam intersects the target element to control an interaction of the X-ray radiation with the beam- former.