Beam Reshaping Structure for High-Gain Millimeter-Wave Focusing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing technologies face challenges in achieving high gain and directivity for electromagnetic waves at high frequency bands (e.g., 140 GHz to 170 GHz and 220 GHz to 330 GHz) while maintaining ease of manufacturing and integration into compact devices like mobile phones.
Innovation Solution
The electromagnetic wave guidance and beam reshaping structure incorporates a substrate with axisymmetrically arranged metal patterns and hollow structures, creating equivalent dielectric constant distributions that adjust reflectivity and focus electromagnetic waves, thereby enhancing gain and directivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If the number of antenna elements is increased to compensate for path loss at high frequencies, then the output power and antenna gain improve, but the device complexity and power consumption increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical parameters of the antenna structure by introducing a reflective surface with specific geometric features (curved surface or planar surface with reflecting elements) and adjusting the spacing between antenna elements and the reflective surface. This allows achieving higher gain through constructive interference and signal reflection rather than simply increasing the number of active antenna elements, thus improving output power without proportionally increasing device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a reflective surface as an intermediary component between the antenna elements and the propagation medium. This reflective surface acts as a mediator that redirects and focuses electromagnetic energy, enhancing the effective radiated power without requiring additional active antenna elements, thereby improving power output while maintaining relatively simple device architecture
2Power
If a resonant cavity is used to improve antenna gain, then the gain increases, but the frequency band becomes extremely narrow and manufacturing accuracy requirements become very high
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using a single resonant cavity that operates at a specific frequency, the patent segments the antenna system into multiple antenna elements arranged in an array configuration with a reflective surface. Each element operates independently but contributes to the overall beamforming and gain through constructive interference. This segmentation allows the system to achieve broad bandwidth operation while maintaining high gain through phased array techniques
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs dynamic beamforming capabilities through the antenna array system, where the phase and amplitude of signals from different elements can be adjusted electronically. This dynamic control allows the antenna to adapt to different frequency operations and directional requirements without requiring physical reconfiguration, thereby achieving both high gain and wide frequency adaptability
3Power
If a curved lens is used to focus electromagnetic waves and improve gain, then the directivity improves, but the structure becomes difficult to integrate into compact devices like mobile phones
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from a three-dimensional curved lens structure to a two-dimensional reflective surface configuration. The reflective surface can be planar or have controlled curvature in specific dimensions, but overall occupies significantly less volume than a bulky 3D lens. This dimensional reduction enables integration into compact devices like mobile phones while still achieving beam focusing and directional control through the reflective geometry and phased array techniques
4Power
If a GRIN lens is used to improve gain, then the electromagnetic wave focusing improves, but additional manufacturing processes such as drilling are difficult to perform and design flexibility is constrained
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of using a complex GRIN lens with graded refractive index that requires sophisticated manufacturing, the patent uses a reflective surface that can be manufactured using standard PCB fabrication techniques or metal forming processes. The focusing effect is achieved through the geometric configuration of the reflective surface and the phased array arrangement, which can be copied and manufactured with high precision using conventional manufacturing methods, thereby improving ease of manufacture while maintaining electromagnetic wave focusing capability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This structure effectively improves the gain and directivity of electromagnetic waves across various frequency ranges, is easily manufacturable, and can be integrated into diverse products, including mobile devices, without the complexity and manufacturing demands of traditional high-gain solutions.
Implementation Method 1
by arranging the metal patterns and the hollow structures on the substrate, the electromagnetic wave guidance and beam reshaping structure can have respective equivalent dielectric constant distributions at the central portion and the peripheral portion
Implementation Method 2
This is favorable for adjusting the reflectivity of the electromagnetic waves so that the electromagnetic waves will have a focusing effect
Implementation Method 3
the electromagnetic waves will have a focusing effect
Implementation Method 4
electromagnetic wave guidance and beam reshaping structure
Data Source
AI summary
An electromagnetic wave guidance and beam reshaping structure is favorable to incorporate a radiation source antenna into an energy focusing system. The electromagnetic wave guidance and beam reshaping structure includes a substrate, a plurality of metal patterns and a plurality of hollow structures. The substrate includes a central portion and a peripheral portion that surrounds the central portion. The plurality of metal patterns are disposed on the central portion. The plurality of hollow structures are disposed in the peripheral portion. The metal patterns are axisymmetrically arranged with respect to a central axis of the substrate, and the hollow structures are axisymmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the substrate.