Beam-Shaping Optics for Variable Beam Quality in Material Processing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing material processing technologies face limitations in beam quality and profile adjustment due to the sensitivity of fiber optics, complexity of axicons, and thermal losses in diffraction optics, leading to restricted variability and power handling capacity, especially at high power densities.

Innovation Solution

A device with beam-shaping optics comprising adjustable optical elements that generate and compensate for aberrations, allowing continuous variation of beam quality and distribution without sensitive fiber or diffraction optics, using commercially available optics to achieve a range of beam parameter products suitable for high-power applications.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If fiber optics are used to adjust beam quality and profile, then beam distribution can be manipulated, but the system becomes sensitive and requires expensive, highly precise adjustable coupling optics with limited variability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam distribution variabilityVSAvoidcoupling optics complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the beam shaping function from sensitive fiber optics and complex coupling systems, using instead simple refractive optical elements (lenses) that can be directly positioned in the laser beam path to achieve beam distribution control without the sensitivity and complexity issues of fiber-based approaches

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention replaces expensive, highly precise fiber coupling optics with commercially available, cost-effective refractive lenses that can be easily adjusted and replaced, significantly reducing system cost while maintaining beam shaping capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

2Adaptability or versatility

If axicons are used to generate annular beam profiles, then beam distribution is adjusted, but the manufacturing process becomes very complex involving mold making, polishing and coating

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam profile adjustmentVSAvoidoptical element manufacturing
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex-to-manufacture axicons with simple refractive lenses that have straightforward manufacturing processes, eliminating the need for complex mold making, precision polishing, and coating operations while achieving the desired beam profile control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention achieves different beam profiles by changing the parameters (focal length, position) of simple refractive lenses rather than manufacturing complex axionic structures, allowing flexible beam shaping through parameter adjustment rather than structural complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If diffraction optics are used to adjust beam distribution, then beam quality can be modified, but thermal losses occur especially at high power densities

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam quality adjustmentVSAvoidthermal losses
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent substitutes diffraction optics (which suffer from thermal losses) with refractive optics based on simple lens geometries, replacing the diffraction mechanism with refraction-based beam control that has minimal thermal losses and can handle high power densities effectively

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention uses simple, cost-effective refractive lenses instead of complex diffraction optics, achieving beam quality adjustment through refraction rather than diffraction, thereby eliminating thermal loss issues while maintaining adaptability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

4Area of moving object

If zoom optics are used to adjust beam diameter, then beam size is variable, but only the image ratio and F-number are affected without changing beam quality and profile

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebeam diameterVSAvoidbeam quality control
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of moving objectVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines beam diameter adjustment and beam quality control into a single refractive optical system, where the same lens that controls beam size also controls beam quality and profile, eliminating the limitation of zoom optics that only adjust size without affecting quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention uses simple refractive lenses that perform multiple functions simultaneously: beam focusing, beam diameter control, and beam quality optimization, making the optical element universal rather than specialized for a single function like traditional zoom optics

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution enables high variability in beam quality and distribution with cost-effective optics production, covering the range of applications for high-power laser cutting systems while maintaining high beam quality and power density, and allows for precise adjustment of beam parameter products and F-numbers based on processing requirements.

Implementation Method 1

The radiation from the source is guided through beam-shaping optics that variably shape and focus the radiation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRefraction: Refraction

Data Source

PatentEP3450083B1Device and method for material processing
Publication Date: 2021.04.14 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3450083B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3450083B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3450083B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A device for material processing comprising at least one electromagnetic radiation source and a beam shaping optic that variably shapes and focuses the radiation. The emitted radiation exhibits a first beam parameter product, and the radiation in the processing zone, where it interacts with the material, exhibits a second beam parameter product.An adjusting device varies the second beam parameter product by changing the position or optical properties of at least one optical element, wherein at least one first optical element of the beam shaping optics generates and/or amplifies the magnitude of an aberration, and at least one second optical element of the beam shaping optics modifies the magnitude of the generated or amplified aberration by adjusting the device by changing the position or optical properties of at least the first or the second optical element such that the radiation in the processing zone exhibits the second beam parameter product to be set. Furthermore, a corresponding method for material processing is described.