Beam Switching via QCL Assumptions During Channel Occupancy Time

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing beam management techniques during Channel Occupancy Time (COT) in wireless communication systems are inefficient, leading to suboptimal beam measurements, reporting, and resource utilization, particularly in high-frequency 5G NR networks.

Innovation Solution

A method and apparatus for a UE to manage beam switching and measurement by utilizing Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) assumptions during COT, enabling flexible beam management by associating multiple DLRS sets with different beams and determining availability based on QCL relationships, allowing timely beam switching within or after COT.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If beam management procedures are introduced to handle beam failure and recovery, then connection reliability is improved, but procedure complexity and signaling overhead increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconnection reliabilityVSAvoidprocedure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The beam management procedure is segmented into distinct failure detection mechanisms (RSRP threshold monitoring, beam failure indication) and recovery mechanisms (new beam selection, recovery confirmation). This segmentation allows the system to handle beam failures through modular, independent procedures rather than a monolithic complex system, reducing overall procedure complexity while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary beam failure detection by continuously monitoring RSRP values against predefined thresholds before actual beam failure occurs. This preliminary action enables proactive beam management, allowing the system to prepare recovery measures in advance and switch to alternative beams before complete failure, thereby improving connection reliability without requiring complex reactive procedures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Reliability

If multiple downlink beams are transmitted to ensure coverage, then connection reliability is improved, but device complexity and energy consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconnection reliabilityVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of uniformly transmitting multiple downlink beams across all directions, the system applies local quality by transmitting specific beams targeted at particular spatial directions or user equipment locations. The base station identifies which beams are actually needed based on channel conditions and user positions, transmitting only those necessary beams, thereby maintaining connection reliability while reducing device complexity and energy consumption compared to omnidirectional multi-beam transmission.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically changes beam parameters such as beam direction, gain, and transmission power based on real-time channel conditions and user equipment positions. By adjusting these parameters adaptively rather than maintaining fixed multiple beam configurations, the system ensures connection reliability through optimized beam transmission while reducing the complexity associated with managing multiple static beam configurations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If beam failure detection and recovery procedures are implemented, then service continuity is improved, but signaling overhead increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveservice continuityVSAvoidsignaling overhead
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The beam failure detection and recovery procedures are merged with existing uplink synchronization and random access procedures. The same physical channels and signaling mechanisms used for uplink synchronization are utilized for beam failure indication and recovery confirmation, thereby improving service continuity through comprehensive beam management while minimizing additional signaling overhead by reusing existing communication infrastructure rather than creating separate dedicated signaling paths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentEP4278465B1Beam management in wireless communication
Publication Date: 2026.04.29 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP4278465B1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP4278465B1 patent drawingFigure 5A~7
  • EP4278465B1 patent drawingFigure 8A~9

AI summary

An apparatus (10) comprising: at least one processor (12); and at least one memory (13) including computer program instructions (14); the at least one memory (13) and the computer program instructions (14) configured to, with the at least one processor (12), cause the apparatus (10) at least to perform: receiving (201) configuration information for enabling the apparatus (10) to measure a first set of Downlink (DL) Reference Signals (RSs) (302) and/or a second set of DLRSs (304), wherein DLRSs (302 #0 – 302 #4) of the first set of DLRSs (302) are respectively associated with a first set of DL beams (303), wherein one or more DLRSs (302 #1 – 302 #3) of the first set of DLRSs (302) are configured to be Quasi-Co-Located (QCLed) with at least one DLRS (304 #m) of the second set of DLRSs (304), and wherein DLRSs (304 #a – 304 #z) of the second set of DLRSs (304) are respectively associated with a second set of DL beams (305); receiving (202) information for enabling the apparatus (10) to determine a Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) assumption for a Channel Occupancy Time (COT), wherein the QCL assumption for the COT is indicative of the availability, for use for transmissions within the COT, of: at least one DL beam (305 #m) associated with the at least one DLRS (304 #m) of the second set of DLRSs (304), and one or more DL beams (303 #1 – 303 #3) associated with the one or more DLRSs (302 #1 – 302 #3) of the first set of DLRSs (302) and QCLed with the at least one DLRS (304 #m) of the second set of DLRS (304); and determining (203), based at least in part on the received information and configuration information, the QCL assumption for the COT.