Beam Training Overhead Reduction via Dimensional Segmentation
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Solution Overview
Problem
High-frequency wireless communications require large-scale antenna arrays for beamforming, leading to significant overheads in establishing communication links due to the need for extensive beam sweeping, which is time-consuming and resource-intensive.
Innovation Solution
A method where the transmit end sends a combination vector of a training beam set to the receive end, allowing the receive end to compute weight values, thereby reducing the need to send individual weight values and minimizing overheads during beam training.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If beam sweeping is performed on both BS side and MS side to establish optimum communication link, then communication link quality is improved, but overhead time and resources increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the beam sweeping process by having the BS perform sweeping only in the horizontal plane while the MS performs sweeping only in the vertical plane. This division reduces the total number of beam combinations that need to be tested, thereby reducing the time and overhead required while still establishing an optimum communication link.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a dimensional separation approach where the BS sweeps beams in the horizontal dimension and the MS sweeps beams in the vertical dimension. This dimensional decomposition transforms a two-dimensional sweeping problem into two independent one-dimensional problems, significantly reducing the computational complexity and time required.
2Loss of energy
If large-scale antenna array is used to form high-gain narrow beam, then transmission loss is reduced and coverage area is increased, but beam sweeping overhead increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the beamforming functionality between BS and MS, where the BS uses large-scale antenna arrays to form high-gain narrow beams in the horizontal plane, and the MS performs complementary beamforming in the vertical plane. This segmentation allows each side to use appropriately sized antenna arrays, reducing the overall overhead while maintaining transmission efficiency.
3Area of stationary object
If 60 beams are swept on BS side and 16 beams on MS side, then complete spatial coverage is achieved, but 960 sweeping operations are required consuming one millisecond
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the spatial coverage requirement into horizontal and vertical components. The BS covers the horizontal plane with 60 beams while the MS covers the vertical plane with 16 beams, but they operate independently in their respective dimensions. This reduces the total operations from 960 sequential sweeps to much fewer combined operations, significantly improving beam pairing speed.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies dimensional decomposition by assigning horizontal plane coverage to the BS and vertical plane coverage to the MS. This transforms the problem from requiring 60×16=960 sequential operations to requiring independent horizontal and vertical sweeps that can be performed more efficiently, thereby increasing productivity.
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides a training beam transmission method, an apparatus, and a system. The training beam sending method includes: determining, by a transmit end, a training beam set to be sent to a receive end; sending, by the transmit end to the receive end, indication information indicating a combination vector of the training beam set; and sequentially sending, by the transmit end, training beams in the training beam set to the receive end. According to the training beam transmission method, the apparatus, and the system that are provided in the present invention, overheads required for sending a training beam can be reduced.