Wheel Bearing Acceleration Sensor Mounting for Brake Load Detection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing vehicle wheel rolling bearing units fail to accurately measure translational acceleration on a tire when the brake is applied, leading to inaccuracies in load detection, and require costly reattachment of acceleration sensors during tire replacement.

Innovation Solution

A vehicle wheel supporting rolling bearing unit with at least three acceleration sensors fixed on a virtual plane orthogonal to the rotation side bearing ring member, allowing for the measurement of translational acceleration by subtracting centrifugal acceleration from sensor outputs, and a power generation system to supply power to the sensors, enabling wireless communication of load data without the need for direct tire-side sensor reattachment.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If an acceleration sensor is directly provided on the tire, then the load acting on the tire can be obtained regardless of brake operating state, but it is necessary to re-attach the sensor during tire replacement resulting in cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveload detection accuracyVSAvoidsensor reattachment cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses the bearing unit as an intermediary carrier to mount the acceleration sensor. Instead of attaching the sensor directly to the tire, it is fixed to the bearing unit which remains stationary during tire replacement. This mediator approach allows the sensor to indirectly measure tire load while avoiding the need for reattachment when tires are changed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The bearing unit serves dual purposes: it supports the wheel rotation function and simultaneously serves as a mounting platform for the acceleration sensor. This self-service approach eliminates the need for separate sensor mounting structures and avoids reattachment costs during tire maintenance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Ease of manufacture

If a load sensor is provided in the rolling bearing unit, then the load acting on the tire can be obtained, but the detected load does not match the actual load on the tire when brake is acting

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesensor installation simplicityVSAvoidload detection accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces acceleration sensors as intermediary devices that measure translational acceleration of the bearing unit. By combining this acceleration data with wheel rotation data, the system indirectly calculates tire load while compensating for brake force effects, achieving accurate measurement without direct load sensing on the tire.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces direct mechanical load sensing with a combination of acceleration sensing and rotational measurement. Instead of using a load sensor that directly measures force, it uses acceleration sensors to capture motion dynamics and computationally derives the load information, substituting mechanical measurement with a hybrid sensor approach.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If acceleration sensors are arranged to detect translational acceleration of the bearing unit, then the load acting on the tire can be obtained regardless of brake state, but the sensor arrangement becomes complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveload detection accuracyVSAvoidsensor arrangement complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent strategically positions acceleration sensors at specific locations on the bearing unit where they can effectively detect translational acceleration. By optimizing the local placement of sensors rather than using a complex array throughout the system, it achieves accurate load measurement with minimal sensor complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables accurate measurement of translational acceleration and load on the tire regardless of brake state, reducing costs by eliminating the need for frequent sensor reattachment and improving assembly and handling of the bearing unit.

Implementation Method 1

the control unit subtracts centrifugal acceleration from the sensor outputs to obtain translational acceleration

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCentrifugal acceleration: Centrifugal Force

Data Source

PatentEP3370050B1Wheel supporting rolling bearing unit
Publication Date: 2019.09.04 NSK LTD
  • EP3370050B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3370050B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3370050B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A wheel supporting rolling bearing unit in which a first acceleration sensor 52, a second acceleration sensor 53, and a third acceleration sensor 54 are fixed on a virtual plane of a rotating-side bearing ring member orthogonal to a central axis of the rotating-side bearing ring member. The first acceleration sensor 52 and the second acceleration sensor 53 are disposed on a virtual line passing through the center of rotation of the rotating-side bearing ring member, at positions equidistant from the center of rotation, with the respective directions of detection thereof oriented in radial directions of the rotating-side bearing ring member and oriented in mutually opposite radial directions. The third acceleration sensor 54 is disposed with the direction of detection thereof in an orientation which is not parallel to the direction of detection of either the first acceleration sensor 52 or the second acceleration sensor 53. Translational accelerations acting on the acceleration sensors are measured, and a load acting on a tire is determined regardless of the operating state of a brake.