BESS Microgrid Controller Kalman Filter State Reconstruction

The patent implements a feedback control mechanism where the microgrid controller continuously monitors the stored energy level of the BESS and adjusts power flow in real-time. The controller receives feedback signals about the current energy state and compares it with reference values, then modifies charging/discharging operations to maintain optimal energy levels, ensuring reliable BESS operation through closed-loop control.

The patent replaces complex mechanical monitoring and control systems with electronic/digital control mechanisms. The microgrid controller uses electronic sensors and digital processing to monitor BESS energy levels and adjust power flow, substituting potentially complex mechanical relay-based systems with more compact and reliable electronic control circuitry.

The patent introduces a Kalman Filter as an intermediary computational layer between the physical BESS and the microgrid controller. This filter acts as a mathematical mediator that processes noisy sensor measurements and reconstructs accurate estimates of the stored energy state, effectively filtering out measurement errors while providing smooth, reliable state information to the control system.

The Kalman Filter creates a mathematical copy or model of the BESS internal state that mirrors the actual physical state. Instead of directly measuring difficult-to-obtain state variables, the system maintains a computational replica of the BESS energy state that can be updated and estimated from more easily measurable quantities, providing accurate state information without direct complex measurement.