Beta1,3′-Galactosyllactose-Enriched GOS for DON Immunotoxicity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol (DON), negatively impact the adaptive immune response in humans and animals, leading to a decrease in immune cell frequencies and vaccine-specific IgG production, posing a significant concern for infants and young children.
Innovation Solution
Administration of galacto-oligosaccharides enriched with beta1,3′-galactosyllactose, which are non-digestible and reach the large intestine intact, where they are fermented by the intestinal microbiota, helping to restore the frequency of immune cells and improve vaccination responsiveness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If DON is present in the diet, then immune cell frequencies and vaccine-specific IgG production decrease, but adding GOS comprising beta3'-GL restores immune response
Solution Approach 1:
GOS comprising beta3'-GL acts as an intermediary substance that mediates between DON exposure and the immune system. The oligosaccharides are fermented by intestinal microbiota to produce metabolites that indirectly protect immune cells from DON-induced toxicity, restoring Th1 cell frequencies and IFN-γ production without directly neutralizing DON
Solution Approach 2:
The invention converts the harmful effect of DON exposure into a beneficial outcome by using GOS supplementation. The harmful DON-induced immune suppression is transformed into an opportunity for enhanced immune protection through the prebiotic effects of GOS, which stimulate beneficial microbiota that in turn protect against immunotoxicity
2Reliability
If GOS is administered to restore immune response, then Th1 cell frequency and IFN-γ production increase, but the mechanism involves complex microbiota fermentation
Solution Approach 1:
The immune system restoration is achieved through self-service mechanisms where GOS serves as a prebiotic that enables the intestinal microbiota to naturally produce protective metabolites. The complex biological system self-regulates to restore immune function without external intervention beyond the initial GOS administration
Solution Approach 2:
GOS is administered in advance to establish a protective microbiota state before DON exposure fully impacts the immune system. The preliminary prebiotic action of GOS primes the intestinal ecosystem to resist DON-induced immunotoxicity and maintain immune cell frequencies
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Galacto-oligosaccharides with beta1,3′-galactosyllactose attenuate the adverse effects of DON on the adaptive immune response by increasing Tbet+ Th1 cells and B cells, thereby enhancing the immune system's ability to respond to vaccines.
Implementation Method 1
Administration of galacto-oligosaccharides enriched with beta1,3′-galactosyllactose, which are non-digestible and reach the large intestine intact, where they are fermented by the intestinal microbiota
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to the use of beta 1,3′-galactosyllactose for ameliorating the harmful effects of food contaminants on the adaptive immune response such as vaccination response or response to a pathogen.