Bidirectional Charger Switching for Multi-Port Discharge Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing battery charging devices for electrified vehicles face challenges in efficiently managing inrush currents during mode switching in battery discharge operations, particularly when multiple ports are involved in Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and Vehicle-to-load (V2L) applications.
Innovation Solution
A battery charging device with a bidirectional charger and a controller that switches power factor correction circuit legs to output battery power to multiple ports simultaneously, mitigating inrush currents by synchronizing voltage frequency and phase during mode switching, and utilizing relays to manage AC connections effectively.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If the bidirectional charger outputs power to multiple ports simultaneously during battery discharge mode, then the power distribution capability is improved, but the inrush current during mode switching increases
Solution Approach 1:
The controller synchronizes the voltage frequency and phase before switching modes by detecting zero crossing points. This preliminary synchronization ensures that when the charger switches between different discharge modes or simultaneous discharge modes, the inrush current is minimized because the electrical parameters are already aligned, preventing sudden current surges.
Solution Approach 2:
The charger dynamically switches between different discharge modes (single port discharge, another single port discharge, or simultaneous multi-port discharge) based on real-time conditions. The controller adjusts the switching timing dynamically by detecting zero crossing points of the voltage waveform, allowing the system to adaptively manage power distribution while controlling inrush current through timing-based dynamic control.
2Adaptability or versatility
If the charger switches between different battery discharge modes, then the operational flexibility is improved, but the switching stability deteriorates due to inrush current
Solution Approach 1:
Before executing mode switching, the controller performs preliminary synchronization by detecting the zero crossing point of the voltage waveform. This ensures that the switching occurs at an optimal moment when the electrical parameters are aligned, thereby maintaining switching stability while allowing operational flexibility between different discharge modes.
Solution Approach 2:
The controller continuously monitors the voltage waveform and detects zero crossing points to determine the optimal switching timing. This feedback mechanism ensures that mode transitions occur at stable electrical conditions, preventing inrush current and maintaining switching stability while enabling flexible operation across multiple discharge modes.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the bidirectional charger supports V2G and V2L applications with multiple ports, then the functionality is improved, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The bidirectional charger is designed with multi-functionality to support both V2G (vehicle-to-grid) and V2L (vehicle-to-load) applications through a single device. The power factor correction circuit can operate in multiple discharge modes, and the controller manages different port configurations, allowing one device to perform multiple functions without requiring separate dedicated chargers for each application type.
Solution Approach 2:
The charger combines multiple discharge capabilities into a single unified system. The power factor correction circuit integrates support for single port discharge, another single port discharge, and simultaneous multi-port discharge functions. The controller merges the control logic for different modes and port configurations into one centralized control unit, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining versatile functionality.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery charging device includes: a bidirectional charger having a charge and discharge port and a discharge port and connected to a battery, wherein the bidirectional charger includes a power factor correction circuit having first, second, and third legs; and a controller. The controller is configured to switch the first and third legs so that the bidirectional charger outputs a power of the battery to the charge and discharge port when a first battery discharge mode is performed, and to switch the second and third legs so that the bidirectional charger outputs the power of the battery to the discharge port when a second battery discharge mode is performed.