Transformer-Based Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter Single-Side Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing bi-directional isolated DC-DC power converters require additional signal transmission circuitry across the isolation barrier, leading to delays, bandwidth limitations, and increased errors due to the need for two feedback signals, which also incur additional cost and space requirements.
Innovation Solution
A transformer-based bi-directional DC-DC converter that derives control signals for both forward and reverse power transfer from the same side of the transformer, eliminating the need for feedback signals across the isolation barrier and utilizing a single-side controller to manage power flow without additional circuitry.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If two feedback signals are used to manage bi-directional power flow, then power transfer control is achieved, but additional signal transmission circuitry is required across the isolation barrier
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the feedback signal requirement from the traditional architecture by eliminating the need for feedback signals to cross the isolation barrier. The controller on one side of the barrier derives all necessary control information from local measurements, removing the feedback transmission path and associated circuitry (isolated amplifiers, optocouplers, reference voltage generators) while maintaining bidirectional power transfer control capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent makes the single-side controller universal by enabling it to handle both forward and reverse power transfer control functions independently. The controller uses local voltage and current measurements combined with knowledge of transformer parameters to derive control signals for both power flow directions, making the controller self-sufficient without requiring dedicated feedback paths for each direction.
2Adaptability or versatility
If additional circuitry is added for feedback transmission, then bidirectional control is achieved, but cost and on-chip space increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the expensive and space-consuming feedback transmission components (isolated amplifiers, optocouplers, reference voltage generators) from the system architecture. By extracting these elements and replacing them with a simplified single-side control approach using local measurements and transformer parameter knowledge, the solution achieves bidirectional control without the associated cost and space penalties.
3Loss of information
If feedback signals are transmitted across the isolation barrier, then power flow information is obtained, but delay and bandwidth limitations occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent eliminates the feedback signal transmission path across the isolation barrier, thereby removing the source of delay and bandwidth limitations. The controller obtains power flow information through local measurements of voltage and current on its own side, combined with knowledge of transformer parameters, achieving real-time control without the speed penalties of isolated signal transmission.
4Reliability
If isolated amplifier and optocoupler are used for feedback, then isolation is maintained, but temperature drift errors increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the temperature-sensitive isolated feedback components (isolated amplifiers and optocouplers) from the system. By extracting these elements and replacing them with a single-side control architecture that relies on local measurements and stable transformer parameter knowledge, the solution maintains isolation while eliminating the temperature drift errors inherent in optocoupler-based feedback paths.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution reduces conduction losses, enhances control accuracy, and decreases costs by eliminating the need for extra circuitry, allowing for efficient and precise power transfer in both directions across the transformer.
Implementation Method 1
a transformer having a first winding on a first side of an isolation barrier and a second winding on a second side of the isolation barrier
Data Source
AI summary
A transformer based isolated bi-directional DC-DC power converter may have signals for controlling power transfer in first and second directions are derived from the same side of the transformer. The converter may include a transformer, a first switching circuit, a second switching circuit, and a controller. In a first mode, the controller controls the first and second switching circuits, and power is transferred from a first side to a second side. In a second mode, the controller controls the first and second switching circuits, and power is transferred from the second side to the first side.