Bidirectional HV Switch Circuit With Programmable Resistance Network

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing high voltage bidirectional power switches (BPS) require large area HV devices and many HV switches for resistance programming/trimming, leading to increased chip area and potential device breakdowns under high voltage/current conditions, and lack bidirectional voltage blocking capability in the OFF state.

Innovation Solution

A high voltage bidirectional power switch (BPS) circuit with a HV block and LV resistance network, using two HV transistors in series with opposing body diode paths and a resistance network of switchable modules, each with a body bias control circuit and gate control circuit to manage biasing and switching, allowing bidirectional current flow and voltage blocking.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If large area HV devices and many HV switches are used for resistance programming/trimming, then resistance control capability is improved, but chip area increases and device breakdown risk increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresistance programming precisionVSAvoidchip area
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The resistance programming function is segmented between LV switches for selection and HV switches for high voltage blocking. The resistance network is divided into multiple modules, each controlled by LV switches, while HV switches provide high voltage protection without requiring large areas for resistance trimming.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

LV switches act as intermediaries between the control logic and the resistance network. These LV switches handle the resistance selection function, allowing precise resistance programming without requiring large area HV switches to perform the same function, thus reducing overall chip area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Measurement precision

If large area HV devices are used for resistance programming/trimming, then resistance control capability is improved, but device breakdown risk under high voltage/current conditions increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveresistance programming precisionVSAvoiddevice breakdown resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The system segments the functions of resistance control and high voltage blocking into separate switch types. LV switches handle resistance selection with precise control, while HV switches are dedicated to high voltage blocking with appropriate voltage ratings, ensuring neither component operates beyond its designed limits and reducing breakdown risk.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the voltage parameter handling by using LV switches for low voltage resistance control and HV switches for high voltage blocking. This parameter separation ensures that each switch operates within its optimal voltage range, preventing breakdown while maintaining resistance programming precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Reliability

If conventional HV switch configuration is used, then high voltage blocking is achieved, but bidirectional voltage blocking capability in OFF state is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage blocking capabilityVSAvoidbidirectional voltage blocking
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The HV switches are configured with asymmetric body diode orientations to enable bidirectional voltage blocking. By arranging the body diodes in opposite directions, the circuit can block voltages from both polarities when the switches are in the OFF state, providing adaptability for bidirectional applications while maintaining reliable voltage blocking.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Data Source

PatentEP4380053B1A high voltage switch
Publication Date: 2025.08.06 NXP USA INC
  • EP4380053B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4380053B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4380053B1 patent drawingFigure 3A

AI summary

A high-voltage, HV, bidirectional-power-swich, BPS, circuit comprising: a HV-block coupled to a first-terminal and comprising two HV transistors arranged in series in a BPS configuration; and a resistance-network comprising a plurality of switchable-resistance-modules connected in parallel with each other between the HV-block and a second-terminal, wherein each switchable-resistance-module comprises: a precision-resistor connected in series with a conduction-channel of a resistance-switching-transistor; a first-biasing-resistor connected between a first-conduction-channel-terminal and a control-terminal of the resistance-switching-transistor; a second-biasing-resistor connected between a second-conduction-channel-terminal and the control-terminal of the resistance-switching-transistor; a body-bias-control-circuit configured to control a bias of body diodes of the resistance-switching-transistor; a switchable-sourcing-current-source comprising a first-current-source and a first-source-switch connected in series between a positive-voltage-supply-terminal and the control-terminal; and a switchable-sinking-current-source comprising a second-current-source and a second-source-switch connected in series between a negative-voltage-supply-terminal and the control-terminal, wherein the first-source-switch and the second-source-switch are configured to receive switching-signals to selectively enable or disable the resistance-switching-transistor.