Bi-Directional Radial Fan Blades for Hydroelectric Machine Cooling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing radial fans for hydroelectric machines are limited to cooling in a single rotational direction, failing to effectively cool motor-generators in both pump and turbine modes, and lack efficiency and noise reduction capabilities.

Innovation Solution

A bi-directional radial fan with symmetrical, tear-drop shaped blades and sealing components that rotate independently of the motor-generator's direction, ensuring consistent air flow and pressure generation, reducing pressure loss and delamination.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If a radial fan with straight blades is used, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the static pressure generation and efficiency are poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of manufactureVSAvoidstatic pressure generation
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies curvature by replacing straight blade edges with curved, rounded profiles. The blades feature a rounded leading edge and a curved suction surface that transitions smoothly to the trailing edge. This curvature optimizes the airflow path around the blades, improving static pressure generation and fan efficiency while maintaining manufacturability through standard forming processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

2Device complexity

If a single-direction radial fan is used, then the structure is simple, but it cannot cool effectively in both pump and turbine modes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice complexityVSAvoidbi-directional cooling capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs asymmetry in the blade cross-sectional profile, where the pressure surface and suction surface have different curvatures and shapes. This asymmetric airfoil section is designed to maintain effective cooling in both rotation directions. The specific asymmetric profile optimizes airflow attachment and pressure distribution regardless of rotation direction, enabling the fan to cool effectively in both pump and turbine modes without requiring separate fans for each direction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

3Device complexity

If cooling is not provided in both modes, then the system is simpler, but the motor-generator cannot operate in both pump and turbine modes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecooling system complexityVSAvoidoperational reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The radial fan is designed as a universal cooling device that performs the same cooling function in both pump and turbine modes. The blade geometry, including the rounded leading edge, curved suction surface, and asymmetric airfoil profile, is specifically optimized to maintain effective cooling regardless of rotation direction. This multi-functional design ensures the motor-generator can reliably operate in both modes with a single cooling system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Ease of manufacture

If straight blade edges are used, then manufacturing is easier, but pressure loss and delamination occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of manufactureVSAvoidpressure loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies curvature by replacing straight blade edges with curved, rounded profiles. The blades feature a rounded leading edge and a curved suction surface that transitions smoothly to the trailing edge. This curvature optimizes the airflow path around the blades, improving static pressure generation and fan efficiency while maintaining manufacturability through standard forming processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The bi-directional fan achieves higher static pressure generation, improved efficiency, and reduced power consumption, enhancing cooling performance and power generation capabilities in both pump and turbine modes.

Implementation Method 1

radial fans according to the prior art are limited by their ability to rotate in one direction only, and thereby cool effectively in a single rotational direction

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRadial flow:

Implementation Method 2

Because of the symmetrical profile of each blade, it has been found that a fan of a hydroelectric machine according to the present invention has a considerably better performance with respect to static pressure generation and efficiency

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSymmetrical aerodynamics:

Data Source

PatentEP3652442B1Hydroelectric machine with bi-directional radial fan
Publication Date: 2025.08.13 GE RENEWABLE SWITZERLAND GMBH
  • EP3652442B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3652442B1 patent drawingFigure 2~4
  • EP3652442B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

A radial fan comprising: a plurality of blades rotatable about an axis of rotation and extending radially from the axis of rotation; characterised in that each of the blades has a transverse profile that is symmetrical about a radial line of symmetry extending through the blade, at least a portion of the profile of each blade being curved.