Bifacial PV Module Layout With Integrated Junction Boxes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Bifacial photovoltaic modules face challenges in optimizing performance across varying light intensities and complexities in cabling and connections between modules, leading to inefficiencies and increased costs.
Innovation Solution
The development of bifacial photovoltaic modules with integrated protection by a single diode per zone, junction boxes on module frames to simplify cabling, and an efficient configuration that maximizes front and back surface area utilization, including conductive ribbons with specific patterns and coatings for improved electrical connections and aesthetics.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If traditional cabling and connection methods are used between modules, then electrical connections can be established, but the complexity of cabling and connections increases and installation costs rise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple functions into the junction box: electrical connections, mechanical support for modules, and integration of bypass diodes. This merging eliminates the need for separate cabling systems and connection hardware, reducing overall system complexity while maintaining reliable electrical connections between modules
Solution Approach 2:
The junction box serves multiple purposes: it provides electrical connectivity, structural support, housing for protection diodes, and mounting points for adjacent modules. This multi-functionality reduces the number of separate components needed, simplifying installation and reducing costs
2Productivity
If conventional single-sided photovoltaic modules are used, then manufacturing and installation are straightforward, but energy production efficiency is limited due to underutilization of available surface area
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from single-sided to dual-sided (bifacial) photovoltaic modules, utilizing both the front and back surfaces for energy generation. This dimensional change in light capture capability significantly increases energy production efficiency by approximately double the potential output compared to traditional modules
Solution Approach 2:
The module employs different optical properties in different zones: the front surface has anti-reflective coating optimized for direct sunlight capture, while the back surface is designed to capture reflected and diffuse light from the environment. This local optimization of optical properties maximizes energy capture from both surfaces
3Loss of energy
If bypass diodes are installed for each string to protect against shading, then energy loss due to shading is minimized, but the number of diodes and connection points increases system complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple bypass diodes within a single junction box, eliminating the need for separate diode housings and individual mounting points for each diode. This merging approach maintains the protective function against shading while reducing the number of discrete components and simplifying installation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution enhances energy production by minimizing energy losses due to shading, simplifies connections between modules, and reduces material and installation costs while maintaining high efficiency and aesthetic appeal.
Implementation Method 1
bifacial photovoltaic modules... a string that includes a plurality of PV strips coupled in series... each strip comprises: a front side with exposed PV material; and a back side opposite to the aperture side, the back side having exposed PV material
Data Source
AI summary
A bifacial photovoltaic module has components that are arranged to maximize the efficiency of a module for both front and back surfaces. An opaque portion is disposed on back surfaces of modules and aligned with horizontal support bars of a multiple-module system. Junction boxes are arranged at opposing ends of the opaque portion and couple adjacent modules in the system.