Electrolytic Solution Using Bifluoride Anions for High-Capacity Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electrochemical devices, such as rechargeable batteries, have limited discharge capacities due to the bulkiness of fluoride ion complexes with anion receptors, which hinder deep insertion and easy ejection from graphite electrodes.
Innovation Solution
An electrolytic solution comprising a bifluoride anion, a boron compound, and an organic solvent is used, allowing for the bifluoride anion to act as a negative charge carrier, enhancing the discharge capacity by facilitating the insertion and deinsertion of fluoride ions without the need for anion receptor complexes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If fluoride ion complexes with anion receptors are used as negative charge carriers, then the electrochemical stability is improved, but the discharge capacity deteriorates due to bulkiness hindering deep insertion and easy ejection from graphite electrodes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the anion receptor component from the charge carrier system, using only the fluoride ion itself as the negative charge carrier. This eliminates the bulkiness problem caused by anion receptor complexes while maintaining electrochemical stability, as the fluoride ion is small enough to insert deeply and eject easily from graphite electrodes, thereby resolving the contradiction between stability and discharge capacity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the size parameter of the negative charge carrier from large anion receptor complexes to small fluoride ions. This parameter change enables deep insertion and easy ejection from graphite electrodes, significantly improving discharge capacity while the fluoride ion's inherent electrochemical stability over a large voltage range maintains reliability
2Reliability
If conventional electrolytic solutions with anion receptor complexes are used, then the electrochemical stability is maintained, but the insertion and deinsertion kinetics of fluoride ions deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the anion receptor from the charge carrier complex, using the fluoride ion alone. This extraction reduces the size and complexity of the charge carrier, enabling faster insertion and deinsertion kinetics in graphite electrodes while the fluoride ion's inherent stability maintains electrochemical reliability
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of using large anion receptor complexes that slowly insert and deinsert, the patent inverts the approach by using the small, agile fluoride ion itself as the charge carrier. This inversion achieves rapid kinetics while maintaining stability, resolving the contradiction between speed and reliability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution increases the discharge capacity of electrochemical devices by enabling smoother insertion and extraction of fluoride ions, resulting in improved energy storage characteristics and larger capacity batteries and capacitors.
Implementation Method 1
anions containing fluorine are used... the bifluoride anion to act as a negative charge carrier, enhancing the discharge capacity by facilitating the insertion and deinsertion of fluoride ions
Implementation Method 2
electrochemical devices that are capable of storing energy... an electrochemical device in which the electrolytic solution is used
Data Source
AI summary
An electrolytic: solution for electrochemical devices includes: a salt consisting of a bifluoride anion and a cation; a compound containing boron; and an organic solvent.