Bilateral Amines for Perovskite Defect Passivation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Perovskite solar cells face challenges in achieving high efficiency and stability due to rapid crystallization at low temperatures during film deposition, leading to low crystallinity and high defect density, which hinders their commercialization and scalability.
Innovation Solution
The use of a bilateral amine additive in perovskite ink solutions, specifically molecules with a structure of NH2—R—NH2, which passivate crystallographic defects and form a moisture-repelling barrier on the perovskite grain surface, enhancing film stability and efficiency without adding complexity to the fabrication process.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If rapid crystallization at low temperature is used for fast deposition, then deposition speed is improved, but crystallinity and defect density deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates bilateral amine molecules into the perovskite ink solution before deposition. These molecules pre-position themselves at grain boundaries and crystal surfaces during film formation, providing immediate defect passivation and crystallinity enhancement during rapid deposition, thus enabling fast deposition without sacrificing crystalline quality
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the perovskite ink by adding bilateral amine compounds (e.g., 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,8-diaminooctane) at optimized concentrations (0.01-0.5 wt%). This compositional change enables the system to achieve both rapid crystallization and high crystallinity by controlling molecular-level interactions during film formation
2Speed
If rapid crystallization at low temperature is used for fast deposition, then deposition speed is improved, but defect density increases
Solution Approach 1:
The bilateral amine molecules act as intermediary agents that mediate between the rapid crystallization process and defect formation. They preferentially bind to undercoordinated Pb2+ ions and halide vacancies at grain boundaries, passivating these defect sites during fast deposition, thus enabling high-speed fabrication without generating excessive defects
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts and removes harmful defects from the perovskite film by using bilateral amine molecules that selectively bind to and passivate defect sites (undercoordinated Pb2+ ions, halide vacancies, and organic cation deficiencies) during the deposition process, effectively extracting these harmful elements from the crystal structure
3Ease of manufacture
If ambient condition deposition is used for easy integration, then ease of manufacture is improved, but film quality deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical parameters of the deposition system by incorporating bilateral amine additives into the ink solution, which enable high-quality film formation under ambient conditions. The amines facilitate controlled crystallization and defect passivation at room temperature, maintaining film quality despite the simplified manufacturing conditions
Solution Approach 2:
The bilateral amine molecules serve as intermediaries that enable high-quality perovskite film formation under ambient conditions. They mediate the crystallization process at room temperature, providing template effects and defect passivation that normally would require controlled atmospheric conditions, thus achieving high film quality with easy integration
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The incorporation of bilateral amines results in significantly improved efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells, with enhanced crystallinity and reduced defect density, enabling their scalability and commercialization.
Implementation Method 1
The use of a bilateral amine additive in perovskite ink solutions, specifically molecules with a structure of NH2—R—NH2, which passivate crystallographic defects and form a moisture-repelling barrier on the perovskite grain surface
Implementation Method 2
The use of a bilateral amine additive in perovskite ink solutions, specifically molecules with a structure of NH2—R—NH2, which passivate crystallographic defects and form a moisture-repelling barrier on the perovskite grain surface
Data Source
AI summary
Described herein is an ink solution, comprising: i. a composition having the formula ABX3; ii. a compound having the formula NH2—R1—NH2; and iii. a solvent. Methods for producing polycrystalline perovskite films using the ink solutions described herein in a fast blading process and the use of the films in photoactive and photovoltaic applications are additionally described.