Bi-Modal Power Delivery for IC Fine-Grained Management

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional power delivery systems for integrated circuits with multiple functional blocks on a semiconductor die face challenges in reducing power consumption due to the need for individual clock and voltage sources, which are costly and resource-intensive, especially in handheld devices with limited pins and high thermal energy generation.

Innovation Solution

A bi-modal power delivery system using a shared high voltage rail and on-die voltage regulators to provide customized power to functional blocks, allowing for high and low power modes without requiring separate power sources for each block, thereby optimizing pin usage and reducing costs and thermal issues.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If individual power sources are provided for each functional block, then fine-grained power management is achieved, but device complexity and pin requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefine-grained power managementVSAvoidpower source configuration
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple functional blocks share a common power source through the use of on-die voltage regulators that can independently regulate voltage to different blocks. This merging approach reduces the number of external power sources and pins required while maintaining the ability to independently control power delivery to each functional block through integrated regulation circuits.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The on-die voltage regulators serve multiple functional blocks simultaneously, providing universal power delivery capability. A single power source can serve multiple blocks with different power requirements by using programmable voltage regulation to adapt the output voltage to match the specific needs of each connected functional block.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If conventional on-die voltage regulators are used, then programmable supply voltage is provided, but on-die area and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprogrammable supply voltageVSAvoidon-die area
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The voltage regulation function is segmented into multiple independent on-die regulators that can be selectively enabled. Instead of providing full-featured programmable regulation for every possible connection, the system uses a limited number of segmented regulation stages that can be configured to serve different functional blocks as needed, reducing total on-die area while maintaining programmability where required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Programmable voltage regulation is applied locally only to the specific functional blocks that require it, rather than providing universal programmability across all blocks. The on-die regulators provide localized voltage adjustment capability at the point of use, minimizing the area required for regulation circuitry while maintaining the ability to provide customized voltage to individual blocks that need it.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Adaptability or versatility

If switch mode power supply topology with inductors is used, then voltage regulation is achieved, but thermal energy generation and integration difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage regulation capabilityVSAvoidthermal energy
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The inductors required for switch mode power supply operation are extracted from the on-die implementation and placed externally on the circuit board. This removes the primary source of thermal generation and magnetic interference from the semiconductor die, allowing voltage regulation functionality to be maintained through external components while significantly reducing on-die thermal load and simplifying integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

External inductors and magnetic components serve as intermediaries between the power source and the on-die voltage regulators. By placing the magnetic energy storage and transformation functions externally, the system maintains voltage regulation capability while isolating the sensitive on-die circuits from thermal and electromagnetic effects, thereby reducing harmful thermal generation on the die itself.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces power consumption, simplifies power routing, minimizes inductance, and enhances frequency bandwidth, achieving efficient and cost-effective fine-grained power management while maintaining high performance and low power operation.

Implementation Method 1

providing a first power source to a first functional block of the integrated circuit for supporting a first operating mode of the first functional block

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical power delivery: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

deriving a second power source from the first power source, and providing the second power source to the first functional block for supporting a second operating mode of the first functional block

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage regulation: Electrical Resistance

Data Source

PatentEP2859426B1A bi-modal power delivery scheme for integrated circuits that enables fine grain power management for multiple functional blocks on a single die
Publication Date: 2019.02.27 QUALCOMM INC
  • EP2859426B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2859426B1 patent drawingFigure 2A
  • EP2859426B1 patent drawingFigure 2B

AI summary

Systems and methods for bi-modal and fine grained power delivery to an integrated circuit (200) comprising functional blocks (2021...202M). A first power source (210) is coupled to a functional block (2021) of the integrated circuit for supporting a first operating mode of the functional block. A second power source (2041) is coupled to the functional block for supporting a second operating mode of the functional block. The first and second operating modes can be high and low frequency modes respectively. The second power source can be derived from the first power source using on-die regulators or provided independently (254). A desired average throughput of the functional block can be achieved by controlling duty cycles of the first and second power sources.