Binary Phase Mask for Non-Invasive Glucose Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
In non-invasive optical characterization of biological tissues, especially for subsurface tissues like dermis, the interference from superficial layers, such as the epidermis, due to its varying optical properties like pigmentation and hydration, hinders accurate determination of subsurface analytes like blood glucose, as most collected light originates from the superficial layer.
Innovation Solution
The use of a binary phase mask in conjunction with single-mode optical fibers to suppress the collection of light from the superficial tissue layer by ensuring only light with severe wavefront distortion from subsurface tissues conforms to the fundamental propagation mode, allowing only this light to be collected and analyzed, while rejecting light from the superficial layer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional reflectance spectroscopy is used to monitor subsurface tissues, then the measurement process is simple, but the measurement precision deteriorates due to interference from superficial layers
Solution Approach 1:
A phase mask is introduced as an intermediary component in the optical path between the tissue and the detector. This phase mask selectively modifies the wavefront of light based on its origin depth, enabling differentiation between superficial and subsurface signals without requiring complex multi-wavelength or multi-angle measurement systems
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the optical phase parameter of collected light using a phase mask. By introducing controlled phase shifts to light waves based on their scattering characteristics, the system transforms indistinguishable intensity signals into separable phase-modulated signals that reveal depth information
2Measurement precision
If light collection from all tissue layers is performed, then the signal intensity is strong, but the measurement precision deteriorates due to contamination from superficial layer light
Solution Approach 1:
The phase mask effectively extracts and separates the subsurface tissue signal from the total collected light by exploiting phase differences. Light from subsurface tissues undergoes specific phase modifications that distinguish it from superficial layer light, allowing selective extraction of the desired signal component
Solution Approach 2:
The phase mask applies different phase shifts to different regions of the light wavefront corresponding to different tissue depths. This creates local quality differences in the optical properties of collected light, enabling depth-resolved detection while maintaining overall signal intensity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach significantly increases the ratio of photons from the dermis to the epidermis in collected light, leading to more accurate determination of subsurface analytes like blood glucose and improves imaging depth and clarity by reducing interference from superficial tissue characteristics.
Implementation Method 1
the use of a binary phase mask in conjunction with single-mode optical fibers to suppress the collection of light from the superficial tissue layer by ensuring only light with severe wavefront distortion from subsurface tissues conforms to the fundamental propagation mode
Implementation Method 2
The use of a binary phase mask in conjunction with single-mode optical fibers to suppress the collection of light from the superficial tissue layer
Implementation Method 3
the targeted tissues are subsurface. For example, in non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose with reflectance spectroscopy, the targeted issue is the subsurface dermis where glucose-retaining vasculature and interstitial fluids reside
Implementation Method 4
In many of these cases, the targeted tissues are subsurface. For example, in non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose with reflectance spectroscopy
Data Source
AI summary
Non-invasive glucose testing devices and testing methods without using a blood sample are disclosed and can be used for optically interrogating substances overlaid by turbid media based on wavefront manipulation by means of binary phase masking. Through altering the degree of mode conformity between the fields reaching the collection optics and the field distributions of the propagation modes of optical waveguides the disclosed method can be used to suppress the collection of short-range light originated near the collection optics while permitting unimpeded collection of light originated from sites substantially behind turbid media.