Binder-Jet SOFC Interconnects With Dense Gas-Tight Sintering

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional powder metallurgy processes for manufacturing solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnects are costly due to high capital and operating expenses, and result in density variations and warping, requiring additional oxidation and grit blasting steps to achieve a dense, gas-tight interconnect.

Innovation Solution

The method involves binder jet printing a metal alloy powder or powder mixture to form a green interconnect, followed by debinding and pressureless sintering, eliminating the need for high-temperature oxidation and grit blasting, and allowing for the production of dense, chromium-iron alloy interconnects with improved thermal conductivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional powder metallurgy processes are used to manufacture SOFC interconnects, then the manufacturing process is established and repeatable, but the production cost is high and density variations occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedensity uniformityVSAvoidproduction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the manufacturing process parameters from conventional powder metallurgy to binder jet printing, which uses a different binding mechanism and sintering approach. This parameter change eliminates density variations while reducing production costs by eliminating oxidation and grit blasting steps.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical pressing and oxidation processes with binder jet printing and pressureless sintering. This substitution eliminates the need for high-temperature oxidation and grit blasting, reducing manufacturing complexity and cost while improving density uniformity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Ease of manufacture

If conventional powder metallurgy processes are used, then interconnects can be manufactured, but warping occurs and additional oxidation and grit blasting steps are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing process simplicityVSAvoidwarping control
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional mechanical pressing and high-temperature oxidation with binder jet printing and pressureless sintering. This substitution eliminates warping and removes the need for oxidation and grit blasting steps, simplifying the manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the sintering parameters from high-temperature oxidation to pressureless sintering, which prevents warping and eliminates the need for subsequent oxidation and grit blasting steps, thereby simplifying the overall manufacturing process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Manufacturing precision

If binder jet printing is used to form green interconnects, then density variations are eliminated, but debinding and sintering steps are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedensity uniformityVSAvoidprocess steps
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces conventional oxidation and grit blasting steps with binder jet printing followed by pressureless sintering. Although debinding is added, the elimination of oxidation and grit blasting results in a net reduction of process complexity while maintaining density uniformity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Use of energy by moving object

If binder jet printing is used, then thermal conductivity is enhanced, but production costs must be compared against conventional methods

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermal conductivityVSAvoidproduction cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the manufacturing method to binder jet printing with pressureless sintering, which produces dense interconnects with enhanced thermal conductivity. The elimination of oxidation and grit blasting steps reduces production costs, making the enhanced thermal conductivity achievable at lower overall cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach reduces production costs and eliminates density variations, enabling the production of dense, gas-tight interconnects with enhanced thermal conductivity and reduced warping, while simplifying the manufacturing process.

Implementation Method 1

binder jet printing a metal alloy powder or a metal powder mixture to form a green interconnect

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBinder jet printing: 3D Printing

Implementation Method 2

debinding the green interconnect

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal decomposition: Pyrolysis

Implementation Method 3

sintering the green interconnect to form a metal alloy interconnect for an electrochemical stack

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Data Source

PatentEP4364870A1Binder jet printing of metallic interconnect for solid oxide electrochemical cell stack
Publication Date: 2024.05.08 BLOOM ENERGY CORP
  • EP4364870A1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4364870A1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP4364870A1 patent drawingFigure 2C~2D

AI summary

A method includes binder jet printing a metal alloy powder or a metal powder mixture to form a green interconnect, debinding the green interconnect, and sintering the green interconnect to form a metal alloy interconnect for an electrochemical stack.