Bio-Based Michael Addition Compositions for Coatings
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current compositions derived from petroleum-based feedstocks for coatings, adhesives, and sealants consume large amounts of energy and are prone to price fluctuations, posing environmental and sustainability concerns, necessitating the use of bio-based components in Michael addition reactions to reduce dependence on non-renewable resources.
Innovation Solution
A functional mixture comprising a multi-functional Michael acceptor, a multi-functional Michael donor, and a weakly basic or basic catalyst, where the Michael acceptor and donor are derived from bio-based feedstocks, such as saccharides, polysaccharides, and crop oils, with a catalyst selection that includes sodium, magnesium, and potassium salts, as well as tertiary amines, to facilitate room-temperature curing and reduce toxicity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If petroleum-based feedstocks are used to prepare compositions for coatings, adhesives and sealants, then the compositions can be produced with established processes, but large quantities of energy are consumed and significant price fluctuations occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of feedstock source from petroleum-based to bio-based materials (saccharides, polysaccharides, starch, crop oils, fats, proteins). This substitution maintains compatibility with Michael addition reaction processes while reducing energy consumption and eliminating dependence on non-renewable resources, directly addressing the contradiction between established manufacturing and energy efficiency
2Stability of the object's composition
If petroleum-based feedstocks are used, then compositions can be produced consistently, but significant price fluctuations occur as a result of fluctuating prices for petroleum based feedstocks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes petroleum-based feedstocks with bio-based feedstocks (saccharides, polysaccharides, starch, crop oils, fats, proteins) as the carbon source for Michael addition reactions. This fundamental parameter change provides pricing stability by utilizing renewable agricultural products while maintaining production consistency through established chemical reaction pathways
3Reliability
If strong base catalysts are used in Michael addition reactions, then curing can be achieved, but the catalysts are likely to be undesirably toxic and/or undesirably reactive
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the catalyst parameter from strong base catalysts to weakly basic catalysts including tertiary amines, tetramethyl guanidine (TMG), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and metal carbonates/phosphates. This substitution maintains curing effectiveness through sufficient basicity while reducing harmful effects such as toxicity and excessive reactivity that could compromise product safety and performance
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The use of bio-based components in Michael addition reactions provides stable pricing, lowers environmental impact, and enables the development of compostable or biodegradable products with improved energy efficiency and reduced toxicity, while maintaining effective curing properties.
Implementation Method 1
at least one weakly basic catalyst; wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of sodium salts of carboxylic acids, magnesium salts of carboxylic acids, aluminum salts of carboxylic acids, chromium salts of alkyl carboxylic acids having 6 or fewer carbon atoms, chromium salts of aromatic carboxylic acids, potassium salts of alkyl mono-carboxylic acids having 6 or fewer carbon atoms, potassium salts of multi-carboxylic acids, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal bicarbonates, alkali metal phosphates, alkali metal hydrogen phosphates, alkali metal phosphate esters, and alkali metal pyrophosphates and mixtures thereof
Data Source
AI summary
Functional mixtures and polymer compositions are provided, each comprising at least one multi-functional Michael acceptor, at least one multi-functional Michael donor, in which at least 20% of either the donor or acceptor or a combination of the donor and acceptor is derived from bio-based materials and at least one catalyst.