Bio-Diesel Fuel Composition with Hydroisomerization for Cold Flow
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional diesel fuels of oil origin have poor cold behavior properties, such as high cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and cloud point, which are exacerbated by the addition of alkyl esters of fatty acids from biological sources, leading to instability and reduced quality.
Innovation Solution
A hydrocarbon composition is created by mixing diesel fuels of oil origin with hydrocarbon fractions from biological sources that have undergone hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization, using a catalytic system with micro-mesoporous silica-alumina and metals of group VIII and VIB, allowing up to 75% biological component inclusion, thereby improving cold behavior, cetane number, and density.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If alkyl esters of fatty acids from biological sources are added to reduce environmental impact, then environmental sustainability is improved, but cold behavior properties deteriorate (higher CFPP and cloud point)
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by subjecting biological components to hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization treatments, which fundamentally alter the chemical parameters of the esters. This converts them into hydrocarbons with improved cold flow properties while retaining the biological origin benefit, thus resolving the contradiction between environmental sustainability and cold behavior.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite fuel composition combining treated biological components (up to 75% by weight) with petroleum-based diesel. This composite approach allows leveraging the environmental benefits of biological sources while the petroleum component and treatment process compensate for the cold flow deficiencies, resolving the contradiction.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If alkyl esters of fatty acids are added to diesel fuel, then environmental sustainability is improved, but fuel stability deteriorates due to unsaturations
Solution Approach 1:
The hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization processes fundamentally change the chemical composition parameters of the biological esters, removing oxygen and saturating unsaturated bonds. This transforms unstable esters into stable hydrocarbons, resolving the contradiction between environmental sustainability and fuel stability.
3Temperature
If conventional diesel fuel is used, then cold behavior properties are maintained, but environmental sustainability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite fuel system where treated biological components (providing environmental benefits) are combined with conventional petroleum diesel (providing good cold flow). This composite approach allows simultaneous achievement of environmental sustainability and acceptable cold behavior properties.
4Object-affected harmful factors
If high proportions of biological components (up to 75% by weight) are included, then environmental sustainability is improved, but production complexity increases due to additional treatment steps
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization treatments on the biological components before blending them into the final fuel composition. This pre-treatment approach simplifies the overall process by preparing the biological feedstock in advance, making the subsequent blending operation straightforward despite the complex chemical transformations required.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting hydrocarbon composition exhibits significantly improved cold properties, including reduced CFPP and cloud point, enhanced cetane number, and lower density, making it suitable for use as diesel fuel or gas oil with reduced additive requirements.
Implementation Method 1
hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization, using a catalytic system with micro-mesoporous silica-alumina and metals of group VIII and VIB
Implementation Method 2
hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization, using a catalytic system with micro-mesoporous silica-alumina and metals of group VIII and VIB
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a hydrocarbon composition, which can be used as a fuel and/or fuel oil, containing a petroleum component (A) and a component of a biological origin (B), wherein the component of a biological origin is present in a quantity of up to 75% by volume with respect to the total composition. Said component of a biological origin (B) is prepared starting from a mix of a biological origin (C) containing esters of fatty acids, with possible aliquots of free fatty acids, by means of a process which comprises the following steps:1) hydrodeoxygenation of the mix of a biological origin;2) hydroisomerization of the mix resulting from step (1), after possible water and gas flow separation, wherein said hydroisomerization is preferably carried out in the presence of a catalytic system comprising:a) a carrier of an acidic nature, comprising a completely amorphous micro-mesoporous silica-alumina, with a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio ranging from 30 to 500, a surface area larger than 500 m2/g, a pore volume ranging from 0.3 to 1.3 ml/g, an average pore diameter smaller than 40 Å,b) a metal component containing one or more metals of group VIII, possibly mixed with one or more metals of group VIB.