Bio-Impedance Gesture Sensing With Reflection Coefficient Measurement
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing human-computer interaction systems that utilize the body as an antenna or conductor for signal transmission are limited by their reliance on ambient RF signals, requiring specific locations and active objects, and lack effective methods for gesture recognition and biometric authentication.
Innovation Solution
An electronic device with reflection coefficient measurement circuitry and a signal trace is used to transmit electromagnetic waves into the body, measuring impedance changes for gesture recognition and biometric authentication, utilizing a broad frequency range and machine learning for user identification.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If the body is used as an antenna or conductor for signal transmission, then signal transmission capability is improved, but the system is limited to specific locations and requires active objects
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces reflection coefficient measurement circuitry as an intermediary device that couples with the body to enable signal transmission. This intermediary system allows the body to function as a conductor without requiring specific location constraints or active objects, resolving the contradiction between signal transmission capability and operational flexibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The system measures changes in the reflection coefficient across a range of frequencies to detect gestures and identify users. By analyzing parameter changes in the reflected signals rather than requiring fixed transmission conditions, the system achieves both signal transmission capability and location independence.
2Adaptability or versatility
If ambient RF signals are used for body-based interaction, then existing systems can operate, but gesture recognition and biometric authentication capabilities are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The system transmits electromagnetic waves at multiple frequencies and measures reflection coefficients across a frequency range. This periodic scanning of frequency parameters enables precise detection of subtle impedance changes caused by gestures and body characteristics, significantly improving measurement precision while maintaining broad interaction capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The reflection coefficient measurement circuitry provides feedback about the body's electrical characteristics and gesture-induced impedance changes. This feedback mechanism enables accurate gesture recognition and biometric authentication by continuously monitoring and analyzing signal reflections, transforming ambient RF signals into precise measurement data.
3Measurement precision
If a broad frequency range is used for electromagnetic wave transmission, then gesture recognition and authentication accuracy are improved, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The reflection coefficient measurement circuitry is designed to operate across multiple frequency ranges simultaneously, enabling the same hardware to perform both gesture recognition and biometric authentication functions. This multi-functionality achieves high measurement precision without proportionally increasing device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rich gesture recognition and biometric authentication capabilities, allowing operation anywhere with passive objects and providing secure user identification and authentication.
Implementation Method 1
transmit electromagnetic waves into the body using the signal trace
Implementation Method 2
measure a reflection coefficient over a range of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves
Implementation Method 3
measure a reflection coefficient over a range of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves
Implementation Method 4
Bio-impedance sensing for gesture input, object recognition, interaction with passive user interfaces, and/or user identification and/or authentication
Data Source
AI summary
This disclosure describes systems, apparatuses, and methods that utilize electric field sensing in an antenna topology. In some embodiments, the systems, apparatuses, and methods use a sensing modality, such as bio-impedance sensing, to detect and/or determine one or more user activities. The bio-impedance sensing can be used for held-object or touched-object recognition, gesture input recognition (e.g., recognition of one-handed gestures, two-handed gestures, etc.), user interface (UI) interaction by utilizing electrically passive components, and/or biometric identification and/or authentication.