Bio-information Estimation Using Logarithmic Light Transformation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods lack a non-invasive and efficient way to estimate antioxidant levels in the body, which is crucial for maintaining antioxidant defense systems and preventing tissue diseases.
Innovation Solution
An apparatus and method using a sensor with light sources and detectors to emit and detect light, transforming light quantities into a distance domain, combining and correcting these quantities to estimate bio-information, specifically antioxidant levels, based on absorbance calculations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If light quantities are directly measured and combined without transformation, then the measurement process is simple, but distance deviations between light sources and detectors cause measurement errors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies a logarithmic transformation to light quantities before combining them, which pre-processes the data to eliminate distance deviation effects. This preliminary action converts the measurement domain from intensity space to distance space, allowing accurate antioxidant level estimation without requiring precise distance control between light sources and detectors.
2Measurement precision
If multiple detectors are used to improve measurement accuracy, then measurement precision improves, but the complexity of combining and processing multiple light quantities increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transforms each detector's light quantity through a logarithmic operation before combining them using a weighted sum. This preliminary transformation simplifies the combination process by converting multiplicative relationships into additive ones, making it computationally efficient to integrate data from multiple detectors while maintaining measurement precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a reference light quantity obtained from a standard material to correct the combined light quantity from actual measurements. This feedback mechanism compares measured values against known standards and applies corrections to compensate for systematic errors, thereby improving measurement accuracy while providing a systematic approach to handling multi-detector data.
3Ease of operation
If distance between light sources and detectors is not controlled, then ease of operation improves, but measurement precision deteriorates due to distance deviations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies a logarithmic transformation to light quantities, which converts intensity measurements into distance-domain representations. This transformation inherently compensates for distance variations between light sources and detectors, allowing flexible sensor placement without compromising measurement accuracy. The mathematical transformation eliminates the need for precise distance control while maintaining estimation precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the measurement parameter from raw light intensity to logarithmically transformed light quantity. This parameter change fundamentally alters how distance effects are manifested in the data, converting distance-dependent intensity variations into distance-invariant features that can be accurately combined and corrected regardless of actual measurement distances.
4Measurement precision
If reference light quantity correction is applied, then measurement precision improves, but the measurement and correction process becomes more complex
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs logarithmic transformation on both the measured light quantities and the reference light quantity before combining them. This preliminary transformation on the reference data enables efficient correction calculations, as the logarithmic domain simplifies the mathematical operations required for comparing and correcting measurements against standards.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements a feedback correction mechanism where the difference between the combined measured light quantity and the reference light quantity is calculated and used to adjust the final antioxidant level estimation. This feedback approach provides systematic error compensation that improves precision while maintaining a relatively efficient correction process through straightforward arithmetic operations in the logarithmic domain.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for accurate, non-invasive estimation of antioxidant levels, improving the monitoring and maintenance of antioxidant defense systems, thereby reducing the risk of tissue diseases.
Implementation Method 1
a sensor including one or more light sources configured to emit light to an object and a plurality of detectors configured to detect light reflected from the object
Implementation Method 2
the processor may transform the plurality of light quantities to the distance domain by applying a logarithmic operation to each of the plurality of light quantities
Implementation Method 3
the processor may be further configured to calculate absorbance based on the corrected light quantity to obtain a feature value
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes: a sensor including one or more light sources configured to emit light to an object and a plurality of detectors configured to detect light reflected from the object; and a processor configured to transform a plurality of light quantities obtained from respective detectors of the plurality of detectors to a distance domain, to combine the plurality of transformed light quantities in the distance domain, to correct the combined light quantity based on a reference light quantity for correcting a deviation of a distance between the one or more light sources and the plurality of detectors, and to estimate bio-information based on a light quantity resulting from the correction.